Shaping the Coast with Permits: Making the State Regulatory Permitting Process Transparent with Text Mining

This paper examines the California Coastal Commission's permitting process. Using several text mining techniques, including web scraping, information extraction, and supervised classification, I demonstrate how to retrieve empirical data from unstructured texts, namely public meeting agendas and staff reports. Contrary to the concern that the Commission routinely delays or rejects permitting requests, the data reveal that outright rejection of permit applications is rare. On average, eight of ten applications were approved. Single-family homes and commercial development projects were approved about 80% of the time; the rates were about 70% for seawalls and retaining walls, and 60% for land-use changes. Most applications were processed swiftly, with a median application length of 3 months. The agency's influence comes primarily from negotiating each application. Qualitative study of 50 cases pertaining to single-family home construction reveals that the agency adopts a “managed development” approach, that is, allowing development but scrupulously managing various aspects of development. These case studies illustrate how the agency interprets the broad, abstract state laws and translates the mandates into enforceable actions as permitting conditions. In areas where the state mandates conflict, particularly over development in receding shorelines, the agency has the largest leverage in creating and implementing its preferred policies. The text mining techniques demonstrated in this paper can be applied to study any governmental agency. These techniques help to extract information from a massive volume of papers and organize them into a database for analyses. The empirical data extracted from texts can significantly increase bureaucratic transparency.     

Estimation of origin-destination matrices from link counts and sporadic routing data

Estimation of origin-destination (OD) matrices from link count data is a challenging problem because of the highly indeterminate relationship between the observations and the latent route flows. Conversely, estimation is straightforward if we observe the path taken by each vehicle. We consider an intermediate problem of increasing practical importance, in which link count data is supplemented by routing information for a fraction of vehicles on the network. We develop a statistical model for these combined data sources and derive some tractable normal approximations thereof. We examine likelihood-based inference for these normal models under the assumption that the probability of vehicle tracking is known. We show that the likelihood theory can be non-standard because of boundary effects, and provide conditions under which such irregular behaviour will be observed in practice. For regular cases we outline connections with existing generalised least squares methods. We then consider estimation of OD matrices under estimated and/or misspecified models for the probability of vehicle tracking. Theoretical developments are complemented by simulation experiments and an illustrative example using a section of road network from the English city of Leicester.     

聚脲涂料喷涂设备及工艺

近年来,出现了一种新型的管道防腐大修涂料——聚脲涂料,该涂料性能优异,但对设备和操作条件要求较高。文中探讨了管道防腐大修用聚脲涂料对喷涂设备和喷涂工艺的专业化要求。通过对喷涂设备的各个部件性能和作用的研究,得到了一套喷涂设备连接、操作以及维护保养的方法。文中对喷涂工艺进行了研究,确定了喷涂工艺的喷涂温度和喷涂压力等参数。     

预应力锚索桩板式挡墙肋桩施工工艺

文章以云南省红河州个屯一级公路某桥梁预应力锚索桩板式挡墙施工为例,在计算分析挡墙稳定性的基础上,阐述了预应力锚索桩板式挡墙肋桩施工的工艺流程及要点,并提出了相应的挡墙肋桩施工验收及监管措施。     

FPSO改装项目内部转塔系统及安装工艺

简单介绍浮式生产储油装置(Floating Production Storage and Offloading,FPSO)改装项目,较详细地阐述该FPSO改装项目上的内部转塔系统及其安装工艺,以此对未来这一领域的发展提供安装工艺方面的指导和说明。     

舰艇典型分段焊接工艺仿真及其变形规律分析

针对舰艇分段结构采用不同的装焊工艺顺序,会出现不同的焊接变形的问题,以某舰艇256#分段焊接的整体最小变形量为目标,基于热弹塑性和固有应变理论,对该分段焊接常用的六种不同焊接工艺顺序,采用ABAQUS有限元软件进行焊接变形数值仿真;对比六种不同的方案计算结果表明,舰艇分段焊接采用C方案以矩形块为单位,由中间向两端对称焊接、从船中向两舷焊接横向和纵向构件的工艺顺序,该分段整体变形量为最小,为最优焊接工艺顺序方案。     

航道改建工程中护岸结构形式优选

航道改建工程中,常因航道两岸环境复杂,须对护岸结构进行多方案的比选。而比选大多以定性分析的主观判断为主,往往存在一定局限性。以上海某航道综合整治工程一标段护岸结构的优选为例,针对典型段护岸,运用灰色关联层次分析法从中寻求安全可靠且经济合理的护岸结构方案。针对特殊段护岸,分析通常遇到的特殊环境条件情况,找出技术可行的较理想的护岸结构方案。研究成果可为类似工程提供借鉴。     

二灰碎石基层冷再生施工技术应用

利用旧路面基层获取铣刨料,添加新鲜骨料、结合料后进行再生混合料级配组成及配合比设计。利用二灰比、集料含量与28d劈裂强度关系方程,对配合比进行验证。着重阐述了混合料拌和工艺及连续式拌和设备成品料仓的改进。在拌和、摊铺、压实、养生等工艺上对再生混合料的施工提出控制要点及质量控制措施。     

基于层次分析法与模糊综合评价法的公交线路运行效率研究

运用层次分析法与模糊综合评价法相结合的方法对长沙市公交线路运行效率进行评价,为交通监管部门的决策提供依据。     

不同浇筑方式下UHPC空心板受力性能研究

为了研究不同浇筑方式下的UHPC空心板结构的受力性能,通过两点对称加载法分别对1块UHPC整浇空心板和2块抗剪腹筋数量不同且分2次浇筑的UHPC叠合空心板进行弯曲加载试验,对试件的承载力、挠度、裂缝形态以及混凝土应变进行分析.研究结果表明:有腹筋叠合空心板和整浇空心板在对称荷载作用下纯弯段满足平截面假定;整体浇筑可以提...