一种非侵入式接触网导线舞动监测方法

接触网导线舞动会危害电气化铁路的运行安全,造成较大的经济损失.为预防接触导线舞动而导致灾害发生,基于视频图像技术,提出一种非侵入式的接触网导线舞动监测方法.该方法利用侧方位安装的摄像机获取接触网实时图像,将图像进行预处理以减少运算量.采用区域边缘检测结合形态学运算完成接触导线边缘轮廓的提取,在此基础上应用Hough变换...     

客运专线列车速度控制方式设计的优化模型及应用

在先进列车调控系统下的列车追踪间隔距离与速度分级数之间量化关系的基础上,以纯高速列车模式下的客运专线速度控制系统为对象,提出了速度控制方式优化设计的理论模型,阐述了模型构成的原理,介绍了有关参数计算的成果,并以实例作了验算。     

脉搏血氧仪定标曲线的研究

为解决脉搏血氧仪经验定标曲线低血氧饱和度段数据极难获取的问题。同时避免传统方法对受试者的健康损害 ,选取满足条件的 1 84例成年肺部疾病患者 ,由血气分析仪测得的 Sa O2值与经过改造的脉搏血氧仪同步得的 R/IR值构成数据点 ,建立脉搏血氧仪临床定标准曲线同。经实验验证 ,使用该定标曲线的脉搏血氧仪与国外名牌脉搏血氧仪以及血气分析仪同时进行人体实测 ,结果基本相同。表明本文采用的方法具有可行性和实用性。     

基于SOGA的VISSIM仿真模型参数标定方法

微观交通仿真模型是对交通系统进行管理、控制和优化的重要试验手段和工具,而微观交通模型的参数标定是确保微观交通仿真模型能真实、直观地反映交通流运行情况的必要前提.针对遗传算法(GA)的不足,提出了基于自适应正交遗传算法(SOGA)的微观交通仿真模型参数标定方法.选取应用较为广泛的VISSIM仿真模型作为基础平台,给出了该优化方法中染色体的编码解码、适应度函数和自适应正交交叉算子的详细设计.最后将算法应用到北京市荣华中路与荣京西街交叉口模型参数标定中,通过与GA算法、正交试验法对比,SOGA算法得到的适应度函数值为19.43,优于其他标定算法的适应度函数值;同时,SOGA算法迭代时间比GA算法少了40.5%,验证了SOGA算法在VISSIM参数标定上的优越性.     

基于改进优化速度函数的跟驰模型研究

为了探究车辆跟驰中车头间距与速度的关系函数,采用高精度车载GPS设备获取了大量基于时间序列的车辆跟驰数据,根据实测车头间距—平均速度关系构建了改进的优化速度函数.对原优化速度函数和改进的优化速度函数进行了参数标定,并对两个函数进行了微观向宏观交通参数的推导,结果表明,改进的优化速度函数能更好地描述车辆跟驰中微观和宏观交通参数之间的关系.最后对基于两种函数的全速度差跟驰模型进行了数值模拟,结果表明,基于改进的优化速度函数的跟驰模型具有更好的稳定性.     

面向隧道安全的多普勒雷达及全景视频联动预警系统

文章提出一种基于多普勒雷达与全景视频联动预警机制,有效的降低了隧道内交通事件误报率,同时比全图像检测方式更有成本和交通量采集上的优势。最后提出了隧道联动预警系统相关建议。     

Investigations of interactions between bus rapid transit and general traffic flows

Bus rapid transit (BRT) is a popular strategy to increase transit attraction because of its high‐capacity, comfortable service, and fast travel speed with the exclusive right‐of‐way. Various engineering designs of right‐of‐way and the violation enforcement influence interactions between BRT and general traffic flows. An empirical assessment framework is proposed to investigate traffic congestion and lane‐changing patterns at one typical bottleneck along a BRT corridor. The BRT bottleneck consists of bus lane, BRT station, video enforcement zone, and transit signal priority intersection. We analyze oblique cumulative vehicle counts and oblique cumulative lane‐changing maneuvers extracted from videos. The cumulative vehicle counts method widely applied in revealing queueing dynamics at freeway bottlenecks is extended to an urban BRT corridor. In the study site, we assume four lane‐changing patterns, three of which are verified by the empirical measurements. Investigations of interactions between buses and general traffic show that abnormal behaviors (such as lane violations and slow moving of the general traffic) induce 16% reduction in the saturation rate of general traffic and 17% increase in bus travel time. Further observations show that the BRT station and its induced increasing lane‐changing maneuvers increase the downstream queue discharge flows of general traffic. The empirical results also contribute to more efficient strategies of BRT planning and operations, such as alternative enforcement methods, various lane separation types, and optimized traffic operations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Statistical inference on transit route‐level origin–destination flows using automatic passenger counter data

We consider inferring transit route‐level origin–destination (OD) flows using large amounts of automatic passenger counter (APC) boarding and alighting data based on a statistical formulation. One critical problem is that we need to enumerate the OD flow matrices that are consistent with the APC data for each bus trip to evaluate the model likelihood function. The OD enumeration problem has not been addressed satisfactorily in the literature. Thus, we propose a novel sampler to avoid the need to enumerate OD flow matrices by generating them recursively from the first alighting stop to the last stop of the bus route of interest. A Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method that incorporates the proposed sampler is developed to simulate the posterior distributions of the OD flows. Numerical investigations on an operational bus route under a realistic OD structure demonstrate the superiority of the proposed MCMC method over an existing MCMC method and a state‐of‐the‐practice method. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

欠驱动船舶非线性滑模靠泊控制器

为了准确控制典型靠泊操纵,分析了带有加速度非完整约束的欠驱动水面船舶的自动靠泊问题,设计了动态输出反馈控制器。利用递归分解迭代设计方法,在扩展状态空间定义了非线性滑模,将控制系统的轨迹设计与跟踪问题转化为标量零阶系统的镇定控制问题,结合增量反馈技术,无需对不确定模型参数以及风、流干扰进行估计,完成典型靠泊操纵的自动控制。仿真结果表明:控制器对干扰变化不敏感,具有强的鲁棒性,且船舶平面运动轨迹设计过程简单,可以仅通过一个参数进行轨迹调节。     

铁路自闭贯通线路故障检测模型

通过分析10kV自闭贯通线路短路和接地故障特征，建立了故障检测模型，对铁路自闭贯通线路发生相间短路故障和单相接地故障进行了仿真．仿真分析结果表明，利用此模型判断相间短路和单相接地故障类型及所在区间是可行的．