Workshop 1: Performance measurement and compliance

This workshop discussed challenges of measuring the performance of transport contracts, which is usually achieved by benchmarking the relevant services against a few key performance indicators (KPIs). Such KPIs (the workshop identified cost efficiency, service quality and safety/security as the top three) can be explicitly included in the contracts (with a focus on compliance) or can be rather informal and part of a trusting partnership. Limited availability of good data and appropriate information technology systems appear to be the greatest challenges within developed markets. In the context of creating a formal market (such as the South African taxi market), which encourages public transport measurement and compliance, our findings suggest that it is important to set as a first step minimum standards to address the backlog with respect to establishing performance measurement regimes.     

Productivity change in Nigerian seaports after reform: a Malmquist productivity index decomposition approach

ABSTRACT

During the 1990s, Nigerian seaports were considered inefficient, unsafe due to massive cargo theft (wharf rat phenomenon) and one of the most expensive port systems in the world. This resulted in long turnaround times for ships and increased container dwell times. As a result, port operations were transferred to the private sector through concession contracts. This paper employs a Malmquist productivity index (MPI) technique to benchmark pre-and post-reform total factor productivity growth of the six major Nigeria seaports (Apapa, Calabar, Onne, Port Harcourt, TinCan Island and Warri) for the period 2000–2011 which represents six years before (2000–2005) and six years after (2006–2011) the reform. The results indicate progress in technical efficiency of the ports after reform but deterioration in technological progress. Overall productivity growth was higher in the pre-concession period compared to the post-concession period. The source of pre-concession period productivity growth was technological progress while the change in productivity of the post-concession period is generated by an increase in scale efficiency. This suggests that concessionaires have not brought in the much anticipated investment in modern technology to drive port efficiency. The ports of Calabar and Apapa experienced the highest productivity growth while lowest result was Onne.     

船舶辅机安装要求的探讨

介绍了辅机在船体上的几种预舾装方式.规定了辅机基座的加工要求.阐述了辅机设备的安装要求及检查方法.为船舶辅机的稳定、安全运行提供保障.     

A comparative study of aggregate and disaggregate gravity models using Seoul metropolitan subway trip data

Abstract

Existing origin constrained and doubly constrained gravity models have not been compared, theoretically or empirically, in terms of their forecasting power. Due to the newly advanced technology of intelligent transport systems, the expanded data presently available have made various models more comparable in terms of forecasting power. This paper uses archived automatic passenger counting (APC) data for urban rail in the Seoul metropolitan area. The APC data contains information about each trip's origin, destination, ticket type, fare, and distance on a daily basis. The objective of this paper is to compare the goodness-of-fit of aggregate and disaggregate gravity modeling using these data. A Hyman aggregate gravity model is used as the aggregate model without the spatial effect. The disaggregate model adopts a multinomial logit as the destination choice model with the spatial effect. In general, while the formulation of aggregate and disaggregate gravity model models are similar, the calibration and parameter estimation methods of the two models are different. As a result, this empirical study demonstrates that the variation in goodness-of-fit and forecasting power largely depends on the estimation method and selected variables. The forecasting power of the disaggregate modeling approach outperforms that of the aggregate model. This paper further confirms that spatial arrangement plays important roles in gravity modeling.     

Why and How to Use Customer Opinions: A Quality-of-Life and Customer Satisfaction-Oriented Foundation for Performance-Based Decision-Making

Abstract

The concepts of ‘customer satisfaction’ (CS) and ‘quality of life’ (QOL) have both been used, on a limited basis, in strategic planning and performance measurement at state departments of transportation. However, the meanings and usefulness of these concepts are still unclear or evolving to many practitioners. Based on a review of the literature and customer opinion data collected for various transportation studies in the USA and Europe, this paper offers two important contributions to the transportation literature. The paper clarifies the relationship between the CS and QOL concepts, placing CS in the broader context of customer opinions and subjective well-being. The paper then identifies six categories of survey tools for collecting customer opinions, describing how each can be used within a performance management framework to reveal the QOL impacts of transportation decisions. Agencies can use the definitions, conceptual relationships, performance measures, and decision-making processes discussed in this paper to refine their performance management programs, to better understand customer and public perceptions, and to make systematic progress toward their QOL oriented goals.     

水下掣链器关键技术

水下掣链器是半潜船上的重要设备之一,其自动化程度较高,可实现水下自动止链及掣链,相比传统的机械式掣链器而言,操作更加便利且安全性要求更高.文章主要从设计输入、机械总体结构、液压系统、电控系统及关键技术等方面对水下掣链器进行简要分析.通过对水下掣链器前述关键技术研究,为掣链器的智能化及无人化操作提供技术支撑.     

调车监控系统站场绘制与数据处理一体化软件的设计与开发

无线调车监控系统是由站场绘制与数据处理一体化软件、地面安全监控子系统、车载安全监控子系统构成.数据自动处理软件可以方便、高效地处理调车监控系统中车载和地面子系统所需要的大量的站场静态数据,有利于调车监控系统的推广.本文详细介绍站场绘制与数据处理一体化软件的设计思路与方法.     

ATS仿真系统列车自动排列进路技术研究

通过列车进路系统实现进路自动排列,节约调度员的操作工作量,提高行车效率.对进路自动排列设计进行分析,给出一种进路搜索算法,在此算法的基础上提出一种自动排列进路的方法,从而实现自动排列进路的功能.     

脉冲涡流参数对金属测厚影响的仿真分析

脉冲涡流（PEC）检测技术是近年发展起来的新型无损检测技术,可以进行金属板材或金属设备的厚度测量,具有频谱宽、信号穿透能力强及精确度高等优点．文中建立了脉冲涡流测厚系统的有限元分析模型,仿真分析脉冲涡流探头参数对金属测厚的影响,包括激励和检测线圈的高度、厚度、内径、匝数等,从而为脉冲涡流检测设备的国产化研究和提高精度提供理论依据．     

映汶高速公路中隧道监控量测技术探讨

与普通隧道相比,穿越泥石流堆积体的隧道承受不对称压力,其设计、施工具有独特之处。对监控量测项目的现场实践和穿越泥石流堆积体隧道进行分析,得出适用于穿越泥石流堆积体隧道的监控量测技术,对此类隧道安全施工具有重要的意义。