半潜船概率破舱稳性浅析

应用国际通用的概率破舱稳性理论对半潜船的分舱情况和破舱稳性进行初步分析.通过大量计算研究舱室垂向水平分隔限制、初始装载状态和边舱几何形状对分舱指数A的关系及影响,得到相关要素间的关系曲线图表和船舶设计指导原则.结合一艘半潜船破舱稳件概率方法的计算实例.针对概率衡准(SOLAS)做出计算结果的理论解释.最后给出半潜船的设计要素,对船舶设计初期指导压载水舱划分和评价概率破舱稳性具有参考价值.     

集装箱吊具开闭锁机构的系统分析

介绍了集装箱码头岸桥吊具开闭锁机构电气、液压、机械三大系统的工作原理以及它们相互之前的关系,通过吊具开闭锁机构日常的故障深入地分析了这三大系统重要特点,并介绍了该机构一些隐性故障的预防以及解决方法。     

钢材货装卸工艺的综合开发与优化

为适应钢材货源结构的变化,提高钢材货装卸质量,秦皇岛港对钢材装卸工艺及工属具进行改进和优化。分别介绍了钢板、铜板、型钢、盘条和卷钢装卸改进后的工艺,并将新旧装卸工艺作了比较,可供同行借鉴。     

中小型集装箱码头装卸工艺模式分析

在分析中小型集装箱码头特性及发展趋势的基础上,分专用集装箱码头、多用途码头、综合性码头三类来研究装卸工艺的适应性,推荐了几种适合中小型集装箱码头特点的、发展前景较好的装卸工艺模式。     

散粮装箱漏斗的研制

对包粮流通、散粮运输和集装箱运输这三种粮食运输方式进行了比较,指出粮食集装箱运输方式具有较大优势。为了解决散粮装箱存在的问题,提出了散粮装箱的专用漏斗。介绍了散粮装箱专用漏斗的技术方案和设计要求。该漏斗使用效果很好。     

块石基床爆夯技术在重力式码头的应用及质量控制

爆夯技术近年在重力式码头抛石基床上得到广泛应用,本文结合福建某重力式码头基床、地基及水文的实际情况,总结块石基床水下爆炸夯实技术的设计、施工工艺、质量控制及爆破的安全控制,以供类似工程参考。     

从太旧路维修浅析路面早期损坏成因

我国的沥青路面结构及设计方法经历了一个相当长的演变过程,但基本是按照"强基、薄面、稳土基"的理论基础进行路面结构设计,近年来,采用"半刚性基层"建设的高速公路,路面均不同程度地发生了早期破坏,长的2～3年,短的几个月,不得不进行维修,早期修建的一些高速公路,大多没有达到设计使用年限便早早开始了大修。从太旧路发生损坏的内因、外因进行了全面分析,对目前设计的主流思想提出了质疑,并从太旧路的实践中根据损坏原因进行了有的放矢的维修,取得了良好的效果。     

高速公路长大纵坡沥青路面施工技术研究

在山区修建高速公路,将面临较平原区更严格的要求。结合当前山区高速公路施工的现状,就山区高速公路长大纵坡路段的施工技术进行了探讨。     

Seasonal and interannual variation of physical and biological processes during 1994–2001 in the Sea of Japan/East Sea: A three-dimensional physical–biogeochemical modeling study

A Pacific basin-wide physical–biogeochemical model has been used to investigate the seasonal and interannual variation of physical and biological fields with analyses focusing on the Sea of Japan/East Sea (JES). The physical model is based on the Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS), and the biogeochemical model is based on the Carbon, Si(OH)₄, Nitrogen Ecosystem (CoSiNE) model. The coupled ROMS–CoSiNE model is forced with the daily air–sea fluxes derived from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalysis for the period of 1994 to 2001, and the model results are used to evaluate climate impact on nutrient transport in Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) and phytoplankton spring bloom dynamics in the JES.The model reproduces several key features of sea surface temperature (SST) and surface currents, which are consistent with the previous modeling and observational results in the JES. The calculated volume transports through the three major straits show that the Korea Strait (KS) dominates the inflow to the JES with 2.46 Sv annually, and the Tsugaru Strait (TS) and the Soya Strait (SS) are major outflows with 1.85 Sv and 0.64 Sv, respectively. Domain-averaged phytoplankton biomass in the JES reaches its spring peak 1.8 mmol N m^− 3 in May and shows a relatively weak autumn increase in November. Strong summer stratification and intense consumption of nitrate by phytoplankton during the spring result in very low nitrate concentration at the upper layer, which limits phytoplankton growth in the JES during the summer. On the other hand, the higher grazer abundance likely contributes to the strong suppression of phytoplankton biomass after the spring bloom in the JES. The model results show strong interannual variability of SST, nutrients, and phytoplankton biomass with sudden changes in 1998, which correspond to large-scale changes of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Regional comparisons of interannual variations in springtime were made for the southern and northern JES. Variations of nutrients and phytoplankton biomass related to the PDO warm/cold phase changes were detected in both the southern and northern JES, and there were regional differences with respect to the mechanisms and timing. During the warm PDO, the nutrients integrated in the MLD increased in the south and decreased in the north in winter. Conversely, during the cold PDO, the nutrients integrated in the MLD decreased in the south and increased in the north. Wind divergence/convergence likely drives the differences in the southern and northern regions when northerly and northwesterly monsoon dominates in winter in the JES. Subjected to the nutrient change, the growth of phytoplankton biomass appears to be limited neither by nutrient nor by light consistently both in the southern and northern regions. Namely, the JES is at the transition zone of the lower trophic-level ecosystem between light-limited and nutrient-limited zones.     

Numerical simulations of fatigue crack initiation and propagation based on re-tensile plastic zone generating load criterion for in-plane gusset welded joints

Many accidents are caused by fatigue in welded built-up steel structures, and so it is important to estimate the fatigue lives of such structures quantitatively for safety reasons. By assuming that fatigue cracks cannot grow without an accumulation of alternating tensile/compressional plastic strain, one of the authors identified an improved effective stress intensity factor range ΔK _RPG based on the re-tensile plastic zone generating (RPG) load, which represents the driving force for fatigue cracks, and suggested that ΔK _RPG should be used as the parameter to describe fatigue crack growth behavior. The “FLARP” numerical simulation code in which ΔK _RPG is implemented as the fatigue crack growth parameter, was developed in order to predict fatigue crack initiation and propagation behavior. In this paper, it is demonstrated that FLARP gives accurate estimates for fatigue life by comparing the estimated fatigue crack growth curves and S–N curves with the experimental results for in-plane gusset welded joints, which are used in many welded steel structures. Moreover, the effect of induced bending moment due to the linear misalignment in the out of plane direction on the fatigue strength of in-plane gusset welded joints is investigated through numerical simulations.