精细时程积分法在液压仿真系统中的应用

为了有效避免液压系统仿真过程中的刚性问题，引人精细时程积分法，相对于以往的计算方法，它不仅使仿真结果精确，且可以较为有效的避免刚性问题，取得了令人满意的效果。     

多值非线性系统的自适应控制

提出了带有多值非线性环节的线性离散系统的自适应控制算法，仿真实验的结果表明：该算法简单易行具有明显的优点，跟踪误差比采用一般的自适应控制算法时要小得多，且能保证闭环系统大范围近收敛。     

BITBUS结构及其在电气化复线渡线开关监控系统中的应用

本文提出在电气化铁路远动系统中采用高性能，低价格，灵活易用的通讯网络ＢＩＴＢＵＳ构成分层的分布式网络系统，用网络结构代替常规的双机加切换器的结构。既简化了系统结构了又成功地解决了系统资源的共与分配，并为系统以后可能的扩展与联网打下了基础。运用软件工程学的有关技术和方法开发系统软件，使系统结构清晰，易于维护和扩充，本文针对电气化复线渡线开关监控系统的特点，给出了该系统采用的软，硬件方案及其实现过程。     

Multiphysic modelling of railway vehicles equipped with pneumatic suspensions

This article presents a multidisciplinary approach of railway pneumatic suspension modelling: both multibody and pneumatic aspects are taken into account. The work aims at obtaining a realistic model of the secondary suspension and coupling it with a multibody model of a train. Various components of the pneumatic circuit such as bellows, tanks, pipes and valves are taken into account. The article focuses on the bellow-pipe-tank subsystem for which several modelling approaches are presented and compared. Differences between differential and algebraic models are highlighted, and an application-dependent choice between them is suggested. A complete model of the pneumatic circuit is then obtained and coupled with a multibody model of the train. As a result, the behaviour of a suburban train equipped with a pneumatic secondary suspension is analysed, in particular undesired oscillating motions which affect the comfort. Topological modifications and improvements of the suspension are also investigated and discussed.     

舰载作战系统新一代网络技术发展探讨

着重分析了目前舰载作战系统的网络结构，指出了所存在的不足，介绍了目前较流行和成熟的商用网络传输体制，分析了今后新一代作战系统网络技术的发展趋势，提出了利用合适的成熟商用网络传输体制进行二次开发，并在此基础上构建开放式RPR弹性分组环网络，给出了网络拓扑结构。     

线控转向系统转角反步控制算法研究

为实现商用车线控转向,设计一套新的线控转向系统架构及其转角跟踪控制算法。新的线控转向系统采用丝杠螺母结构中的丝杠直接控制纵拉杆,螺母通过带轮机构被电机驱动。对线控转向系统结构进行运动学分析,推导转向系统可变传动比,采用前轮转角为状态变量,建立线控转向系统二阶动力学模型。基于转角跟踪目标,采用反步控制算法,设计线控转向系统转角跟踪控制器,通过反馈系统线性化处理系统参数不确定和环境干扰问题,实现准确的目标转角跟踪,并建立李雅普诺夫函数,证明了采用反步控制的线控转向系统是渐进稳定的。搭建采用“丝杠螺母+带轮机构”架构的线控转向实车底盘测试台架,选取蛇形和混合工况进行控制算法验证。研究结果表明：与滑模控制算法的测试结果对比可知,反步控制算法绝对平均跟踪误差值降低了71.88%~79.57%,跟踪误差标准偏差值降低了71.32%~78.50%;线控转向系统反步控制转角跟踪算法能够减少系统收敛到原点的时间,抑制系统的抖振,提高车辆线控转向系统转角跟踪的操纵灵活性。     

智能汽车自动紧急转向避撞的跟踪控制方法对比研究

为了提高智能汽车的主动安全性,提出3种不同的自动紧急转向避撞跟踪控制方法。首先建立汽车避撞简化模型,对制动、转向及两者相结合的3种不同避撞方式进行对比分析。其次,为深入研究汽车避撞过程中的实际响应,建立包含转向、制动及悬架3个子系统耦合特性的底盘18自由度统一动力学模型,并进行相关试验验证。随后构建智能汽车自动紧急转向避撞控制框架,对五次多项式参考路径和七次多项式参考路径的横摆角速度和横摆角加速度进行对比分析。接着以线性2自由度转向动力学模型为参考对象,对最优控制四轮转向、最优控制前轮转向、前馈与反馈控制相结合的前轮转向3种不同的跟踪控制系统分别进行设计。最后,以汽车底盘18自由度统一动力学模型为研究对象,对上述3种避撞控制系统进行仿真试验对比分析。研究结果表明：与制动避撞相比而言,转向避撞所需的纵向距离有较大降低,随着车速的增加和路面附着系数的越低,效果越明显;七次多项式参考路径比五次多项式参考路径的避撞过渡过程更为平缓,当实际车速与控制器所用车速不一致时,前者避撞性能表现更优;最优四轮转向控制系统在高、低2种不同附着路面都具有较好的避撞效果,最优前轮转向控制系统次之,而前馈与反馈相结合的前轮转向控制系统在低附着路面上则表现出严重的失稳。     

Total cost analysis: An alternative to benefit-cost analysis in evaluating transportation alternatives

This paper explains the theory in support of total cost analysis (TCA) to compare transportation system alternatives. The full costs of each alternative are first aggregated, including travel time costs and monetizable environmental and social costs. Many costs which are considered on the benefits side of the equation in benefit-cost analysis (BCA) as "cost savings" are brought over to the costs side. Total cost differences among alternatives are then traded off against their estimated non-monetized benefits or impacts, just as a consumer trades off product quality against cost before deciding which product he or she will buy. One advantage of TCA over traditional BCA is that the concept of "total cost" is more easily understood by the public and by political decision-makers than BCA concepts such as "net present worth", "benefit-cost ratio" and "internal rate of return". A second advantage is that there is no suggestion that all "benefits" have been considered; decision-makers are free to use their own value judgements to trade off total cost against non-monetizable social, environmental and economic impacts, just as they trade off quality and convenience against cost when purchasing goods and services in their roles as consumers. The TCA approach is demonstrated in this paper through a case study of two systemwide alternatives for the Baltimore, MD urban area.     

主导产业理论对区域汽车产业战略选择的挑战

在我国经济发展中,确定汽车产业是主导产业是十分重要的。目前在各省经济界对汽车产业是否为支柱产业,是否为主导产业有不同的意见。从理论和实践层面,从产业间产业结构演变规律和汽车业自身发展规律入手,说明了汽车产业在我国国民经济发展中的主导作用。