青藏高原铁路客车电气系统设计

文章从安全性和可靠性的角度出发,指出了青藏高原铁路客车电气系统需要解决的难题,介绍了电气系统及设备所采取的针对性措施以及系统控制与防护措施。     

Robust cascade control for the horizontal motion of a vehicle with single-wheel actuators

The article presents a cascade control for the horizontal motion of a vehicle with single-wheel actuators. The outer control loop for the longitudinal and lateral accelerations and the yaw rate ensures a desired vehicle motion. By a combination of state feedback control and observer-based disturbance feedforward the inner control loop robustly stabilises the rotating and steering motions of the wheels in spite of unknown frictions between tyres and ground. Since the three degrees of freedom of the horizontal motion are affected by eight tyre forces, the vehicle considered is an over-actuated system. Thus additional control objectives can be realised besides the desired motion trajectory as, for example, a maximum in driving safety. The corresponding analytical tyre force allocation also guarantees real-time capability because of its relatively low computational effort. Provided suitable fault detection and isolation are available, the proposed cascade control has the potential of fault-tolerance, because the force allocation is adaptable. Another benefit results from the modular control structure, because it allows a stepwise implementation. Besides, it only requires a small number of measurements for control purposes. These measurements are the rotational speeds and steering angles of the wheels, the longitudinal and lateral acceleration and the yaw rate of the vehicle.     

高等级自动驾驶汽车虚拟测试：研究进展与前沿

安全性测试是高等级自动驾驶汽车（Highly Automated Vehicles，HAV，指具备L3级及以上能力的自动驾驶汽车）规模化应用的基本保障。鉴于HAV测试对象与测试标准的变革，传统基于里程的车辆测试方法论不再适用，场景化虚拟测试正成为验证HAV安全性的核心方法。基于与国内外多家HAV研发机构开展虚拟测试合作的基础上，针对测试场景、测试工具和测试方法等方面的技术难点和学术问题进行汇总、归纳和分析。测试场景方面，围绕场景覆盖度的要求，需重点关注测试场景自主划分、自动化仿真生成和未知高风险场景搜寻等理论方法。测试工具方面，在构建HAV自动驾驶系统“环境感知-规划决策-运动执行”一体化仿真工具的基础上，需研究支撑测试场景生成、驾驶行为双向交互和多传感器物理模型融合的高可信仿真技术。测试方法方面，针对海量测试场景、HAV驾驶能力非单调变化等特征，亟待开展覆盖度驱动型测试方法、加速测试方法和多目标测试与评估等的研究。此外，在上述研究挑战的基础上，面向HAV虚拟测试自动化、快速化、一体化和协同化的应用需求，提出HAV虚拟测试仿真即服务（Simulation as a Service，SAAS）的系统架构，并进一步明确HAV安全性诊断分析、系统自主优化训练和面向系统快速迭代升级的测试方法等SAAS重点研究需求。     

基于改进全局优化算法的轮毂液压动力系统能量管理策略

现有针对轮毂液压混合动力系统的能量管理策略均为结合研究人员经验与发动机最优工作区域的简单控制，暂未见优化控制策略的应用，导致实际控制值与最优控制值的偏差较大，无法充分发挥该系统的节油能力。基于此，针对该系统提出了一种基于改进全局优化算法的能量管理策略，探寻该系统的理论最大节油量，进一步挖掘该系统的节能潜力。首先，该策略建立了基于车速-蓄能器荷电状态（SOC）自适应调节等效油耗因子的方法计算目标函数中的罚函数，从而提高系统的制动回收能力，避免计算结果陷入局部最优；随后，根据轮毂液压混合动力系统各模式工作点相对固定的特性，实现了控制变量降维；最后以实测数据进行了仿真测验。结果显示：比起传统的全局最优策略，该方法可以进一步实现3.36%的节油效果；同时，在实现节油的基础上，经过控制变量降维后计算时间减少了35%，而计算精度基本不受影响。     

Investigating the influence of soil properties on railway traffic vibration using a numerical model

This paper presents the influence of dynamic and geometrical soil parameters on the propagation of ground vibrations induced by external loads. The proposed approach is based on a three-dimensional model, focusing on realistic excitation sources like impulse loads and moving railway vehicles. For the latter, a complete vehicle/track model is developed. The simulation is performed in time domain, offering an interesting approach, compared with classic cyclic analyses. The ground is modelled initially as an elastic homogeneous half-space and additionally as a layered half-space. First, the effect of homogeneous soil properties on ground vibration is analysed. Soil stratification is then taken into account, using various configurations. Analysis reveals that as receiver distance increases ground wave reflection in a layered ground plays an important role in the reduction of ground surface motion. This effect is magnified when the phase velocity wavelength becomes large compared with the depth of the surface layer.     

枪钻技术在汽车半轴加工中的应用

针对枪钻专机的结构、性能特点及枪钻头的结构、工作原理、主要参数进行了详细地介绍;分析和总结了加工中所遇到的各种问题及其解决方法；对于枪钻技术应用于汽车半轴深孔加工的工艺进行了有益地改进；并给出了一些重要的参数。     

DEADBEAT COVARIANCE CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR SAMPLED-DATA SYSTEMS

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Development of advanced driver assistance systems with vehicle hardware-in-the-loop simulations

This paper presents a new method for the design and validation of advanced driver assistance systems (ADASs). With vehicle hardware-in-the-loop (VEHIL) simulations, the development process, and more specifically the validation phase, of intelligent vehicles is carried out safer, cheaper, and is more manageable. In the VEHIL laboratory, a full-scale ADAS-equipped vehicle is set up in a hardware-in-the-loop simulation environment, where a chassis dynamometer is used to emulate the road interaction and robot vehicles to represent other traffic. In this controlled environment, the performance and dependability of an ADAS is tested to great accuracy and reliability. The working principle and the added value of VEHIL are demonstrated with test results of an adaptive cruise control and a forward collision warning system. On the basis of the ‘V’ diagram, the position of VEHIL in the development process of ADASs is illustrated.     

Fuzzy-logic-based incident detection for signalized diamond interchanges

This paper documents a fuzzy-logic-based incident detection algorithm for signalized urban diamond interchanges. The model is capable of detecting lane-blocking incidents whose effects are manifested by patterns of deterioration in traffic conditions that require adjustments in signal control strategies. As a component of a real-time traffic adaptive control system for signalized diamond interchanges, the algorithm feeds an incident report (i.e., the time, location, and severity of the incident) to the system's optimization manager, which uses that information to determine the appropriate signal control strategy.The performance of the model was studied using a simulation of an actual diamond interchange. The simulation study evaluated the model's performance in terms of detection rate, false alarm rate, and mean time to detect. The model's performance was encouraging, and the fuzzy-logic-based approach is considered promising.     

汽车ABS转弯制动控制模式的研究

简述了防抱死制动系统的工作原理,分析了车辆转弯制动时的动力学模型及模糊控制理论的特点。借助于MATLAB—SIMULINK仿真,得出实验仿真结果。