Modelling acceleration decisions in traffic streams with weak lane discipline: A latent leader approach

Acceleration is an important driving manoeuvre that has been modelled for decades as a critical element of the microscopic traffic simulation tools. The state-of-the art acceleration models have however primarily focused on lane based traffic. In lane based traffic, every driver has a single distinct lead vehicle in the front and the acceleration of the driver is typically modelled as a function of the relative speed, position and/or type of the corresponding leader. On the contrary, in a traffic stream with weak lane discipline, the subject driver may have multiple vehicles in the front. The subject driver is therefore subjected to multiple sources of stimulus for acceleration and reacts to the stimulus from the governing leader. However, only the applied accelerations are observed in the trajectory data, and the governing leader is unobserved or latent. The state-of-the-art models therefore cannot be directly applied to traffic streams with weak lane discipline.This prompts the current research where we present a latent leader acceleration model. The model has two components: a random utility based dynamic class membership model (latent leader component) and a class-specific acceleration model (acceleration component). The parameters of the model have been calibrated using detailed trajectory data collected from Dhaka, Bangladesh. Results indicate that the probability of a given front vehicle of being the governing leader can depend on the type of the lead vehicle and the extent of lateral overlap with the subject driver. The estimation results are compared against a simpler acceleration model (where the leader is determined deterministically) and a significant improvement in the goodness-of-fit is observed. The proposed models, when implemented in microscopic traffic simulation tools, are expected to result more realistic representation of traffic streams with weak lane discipline.     

电力机车辅助电源传动试验台系统控制策略研究

介绍了电力机车辅助电源传动试验台系统,对系统组成和工作原理进行了说明。其采用PWM整流器作为系统负载,利用PWM整流器调节被试逆变器的输出电流来进行各种工况的试验,PWM整流器采用了基于交流电压定向的电流控制策略实现解耦控制,并采用了预测电压法提高控制性能。     

小曲率半径盾构隧道施工中辅助油缸千斤顶推力计算模型研究

在小曲率半径隧道盾构掘进施工时,千斤顶推力的作用会导致管片发生偏移和错台,从而引发安全事故的产生。为有效解决小曲率半径盾构隧道施工过程中由于千斤顶推力而对管片造成的不利影响,通过分析双模盾构机的掘进模式,建立了盾构隧道在掘进开挖过程中的辅推油缸千斤顶推力的计算模型,并将其应用于工程实践,对千斤顶推力进行计算分析,提出了减少或避免千斤顶推力对管片造成的不利影响的相关措施。研究结果表明：（1）双模盾构施工过程中,不同施工区间的辅推油缸千斤顶推力的取值有所不同,应根据工程实际情况确定该推力值。（2）单模盾构施工过程中,辅推油缸千斤顶推力随着贯入度的增大而增大,且增大速率呈逐渐减小的趋势。（3）提出依次从施工纠偏、管片拼装控制、掘进参数合理选取、盾构机姿态控制、盾构机推力控制、隧道纵向刚度的设置和管片质量等来控制和减小千斤顶推力对管片造成的不利影响,保证盾构施工的安全性,为类似工程的建设提供理论指导和参考。     

长晋线丹珠岭隧道初期支护施工技术

着重介绍长晋线丹珠岭隧道初期支护及辅助支护的施工技术，重点介绍隧运施工的监控量测、初期支护、辅助支护的施工要点及应注意的问题。     

HOV车道的设计应用研究

随着我国汽车工业的不断发展,城市的机动车数量不断增加,在带来经济效益的同时,也产生了许多交通问题。通过对HOV设计应用的研究,阐述了在我国目前的发展形势下,将HOV理念引入城市交通管理是实现城市道路可持续发展的需要,也是城市用地集约化配置的需要;同时指出,我国实行HOV优先的可能。论文借鉴多方式出行选择logit模型对HOV车道的设置进行了探讨。     

右置掉头与右转共用车道通行能力研究

在中央分隔带宽度受限的情形下,掉头置于靠近中央分隔带的车道上,公交车等大型车辆的转弯半径过小,对交叉口的行车安全和交通效率均有不利影响.将掉头车道置于行车方向的最右侧与右转共用车道,可以有效解决此问题.文章通过借鉴通行能力手册HCM上直左、直右以及左右共用车道通行能力计算方法,在确定左转及掉头调整因子基础上,建立了交叉口掉头右置与右转共用车道的通行能力计算模型.研究结论可为掉头车道设计提供理论支撑.     

互通式立交减速车道及分流点的探讨

互通式立体交叉是高速公路的重要组成部分,而互通式立交减速车道和分流点又是互通式交线形设计的重要指标.因而,结合路线设计规范对互通式立交减速车道的设计方法和分流点控制指标进行探讨,并结合实践提出一点见解.     

基于认知行为的高速公路减速标线研究

基于认知行为,运用驾驶员认知信息模型及视认标线过程机理,结合生理学及相关规定设计改进减速标线形式和设置参数,采用模拟驾驶实验与问卷调查相结合的方式,分析各种减速标线的减速效果、安全影响、注意力影响、可识别性、错觉效果等特征,据此评估所设计标线的效果并判别其适用范围和实用价值。     

互通式立交减速车道及分流点的探讨

互通式立体交叉是高速公路的重要组成部分,而互通式立交减速车道和分流点又是互通式交线形设计的重要指标.因而,结合路线设计规范对互通式立交减速车道的设计方法和分流点控制指标进行探讨,并结合实践提出一点见解.     

船舶辅机ppt课件图片素材的处理

船舶辅机课程是轮机工程专业的一门核心专业课程,其课件内容主要由文本和图片组成。图像素材的有效处理,将大大提高多媒体课件的效果,有效提高课堂的教学质量。本文从三个方面对船舶辅机ppt课件中图片素材的处理进行探讨,并根据课堂教学实践给出一些有益的建议。