Optimal deployment of autonomous vehicle lanes with endogenous market penetration

This paper develops a mathematical approach to optimize a time-dependent deployment plan of autonomous vehicle (AV) lanes on a transportation network with heterogeneous traffic stream consisting of both conventional vehicles (CVs) and AVs, so as to minimize the social cost and promote the adoption of AVs. Specifically, AV lanes are exclusive lanes that can only be utilized by AVs, and the deployment plan specifies when, where, and how many AV lanes to be deployed. We first present a multi-class network equilibrium model to describe the flow distributions of both CVs and AVs, given the presence of AV lanes in the network. Considering that the net benefit (e.g., reduced travel cost) derived from the deployment of AV lanes will further promote the AV adoption, we proceed to apply a diffusion model to forecast the evolution of AV market penetration. With the equilibrium model and diffusion model, a time-dependent deployment model is then formulated, which can be solved by an efficient solution algorithm. Lastly, numerical examples based on the south Florida network are presented to demonstrate the proposed models.     

出口苏丹内燃动车组辅助供电系统的设计

针对苏丹用户特殊供电要求,提出了一种以动力车柴油机驱动的辅助发电机,其输出电压经变频变压后为动力车辅助设备和拖车设备提供电源的辅助供电系统,介绍了辅助发电机和交流辅助供电柜的设计选型过程。通过动车组运用表明,该辅助供电系统满足设计要求。     

Modelling acceleration decisions in traffic streams with weak lane discipline: A latent leader approach

Acceleration is an important driving manoeuvre that has been modelled for decades as a critical element of the microscopic traffic simulation tools. The state-of-the art acceleration models have however primarily focused on lane based traffic. In lane based traffic, every driver has a single distinct lead vehicle in the front and the acceleration of the driver is typically modelled as a function of the relative speed, position and/or type of the corresponding leader. On the contrary, in a traffic stream with weak lane discipline, the subject driver may have multiple vehicles in the front. The subject driver is therefore subjected to multiple sources of stimulus for acceleration and reacts to the stimulus from the governing leader. However, only the applied accelerations are observed in the trajectory data, and the governing leader is unobserved or latent. The state-of-the-art models therefore cannot be directly applied to traffic streams with weak lane discipline.This prompts the current research where we present a latent leader acceleration model. The model has two components: a random utility based dynamic class membership model (latent leader component) and a class-specific acceleration model (acceleration component). The parameters of the model have been calibrated using detailed trajectory data collected from Dhaka, Bangladesh. Results indicate that the probability of a given front vehicle of being the governing leader can depend on the type of the lead vehicle and the extent of lateral overlap with the subject driver. The estimation results are compared against a simpler acceleration model (where the leader is determined deterministically) and a significant improvement in the goodness-of-fit is observed. The proposed models, when implemented in microscopic traffic simulation tools, are expected to result more realistic representation of traffic streams with weak lane discipline.     

基于中介理论的车道线识别方法研究

以中介真值程度的数值化度量为基础,利用单个像素点的真值度,设计了新的图像去噪滤波算法。与经典算法相比,新算法具有较好的视觉效果。通过研究道路图像车道线的特点,采用中介距离比率函数来衡量像素点间相似程度,并设计了相应的图像边缘检测算法。与传统的道路图像边缘检测算法相比,新方法边缘增强效果显著。最后,基于道路直线模型,采用Hough变换实现了车道线的识别。     

基于EKF学习方法的BP神经网络汽车换道意图识别模型研究

实时准确地识别驾驶人的换道意图有助于提高车辆行驶的安全性,达到安全辅助驾驶的目的。文中提出了一种基于EKF（extended kalman filter）学习方法的BP神经网络模型,用于识别驾驶人的换道意图,并进行短时行为预测。通过实验采集了20组高速公路实车行驶数据,利用前方车头时距、转向盘转角值、驾驶人头部水平位置数据,以及车道偏离量4类数据样本进行训练得到结果。实验结果表明：本模型较传统的神经网络识别模型具有更短的识别时间,且模型的可信度更高。在车辆换道和直线行驶2种工况下,本模型对换道意图的识别准确率达到了95％。     

公交专用道优化使用探究

城市公交专用道的使用极大地提高交通运行效率,但在不同路段、时段及区域的实际运行中仍存在道路资源浪费的现象。通过实例分析,计算公交专用道和其他车道的饱和度,确定服务水平,提出优化策略,提高车道的利用率。     

车用减速型起动机原理及常见故障分析

通过对车用减速型起动机组成结构及工作原理的阐述,详细分析减速型起动机的测试方法及常见故障,并提出了故障的诊断排除流程,为使用者了解其结构原理、掌握其故障排除程序提供有益的帮助。     

客货分离道路系统实施评价方法研究

通过综述国内外客货分离道路的实施及研究现状,重点分析国外现有客货分离道路评价方法在我国的适应性和可行性,在此基础上,结合我国港口城市道路运输特点,提出我国港口城市客货分离道路评价体系,并研究了评价指标的量化方法。研究成果对于指导我国客货分离道路系统的规划与设计、充分发挥客货分离道路系统的优势,具有一定的参考价值。     

城市道路机动车道宽度研究

分析了新、老规范对于城市道路机动车道宽度的规定,研究了机动车道宽度计算理论、机动车道宽度对安全的影响及城市道路机动车道宽度改造实例,可为城市道路机动车道宽度设计取值提供参考。     

城市道路机动车道宽度研究

在分析国内机动车道宽度取值标准和国内交通流特性的基础上,采用波良可夫模型计算不同等级道路车辆的侧向摆动距离,结合车道上最具代表性的机动车辆车身宽度,计算得出不同等级道路、不同位置的推荐机动车道宽度。结果表明：适当缩减机动车道宽度可在满足行车安全的同时节约城市道路建设用地,提高慢行交通运行的通达性和安全性,推荐的车道宽度为城市道路建设中机动车道的合理选区提供了参考依据。