妈祖经贸园外围海堤施工监测与安全性分析

新建海堤工程区域内存在淤泥质土,含水量高,承载力低。为保证施工过程中地基和结构的安全稳定,设置表层沉降、深层水平位移、分层沉降、孔隙水压力等观测项目对围堤施工进行监测,合理控制施工进度,防止地基出现剪切破坏。结果表明：施工前期沉降大,监控参数指标处于可控范围内;后期沉降速率变缓,地基固结度提高,堤体压缩变形趋于稳定,施工期间围堤是稳定安全的。     

不同间隙比竖井内水流与平衡重二维流固耦合

目前,水力式升船机在国内外尚无投入实际运行,无实际设计、安装、运行经验可循。建立不同间隙比竖井与平衡重之间二维流固耦合数学模型,在非恒定流作用下,对不同间隙比时平衡重上升过程的水动力响应进行动态模拟。得出有利于该类升船机稳定运行的最优间隙比。     

A Pareto-improving hybrid rationing and pricing policy with multiclass network equilibria

This paper extends the work on Pareto-improving hybrid rationing and pricing policy for general road networks by considering heterogeneous users with different values of time. Mathematical programming models are proposed to find a multiclass Pareto-improving pure road space rationing scheme (MPI-PR) and multiclass hybrid rationing and pricing schemes (MHPI and MHPI-S). A numerical example with a multimodal network is provided for comparing both the efficiency and equity of the three proposed policies. We discover that MHPI-S can achieve the largest reduction in total system delay, MHPI can induce the least spatial inequity and MHPI-S is a progressive policy which is appealing to policy makers. Furthermore, numerical results reveal that different classes of users react differently to the same hybrid policies and multiclass Pareto-improving hybrid schemes yield less delay reduction when compared to their single-class counterparts.     

Formulating cargo inventory costs for liner shipping network design

This study examines how to incorporate the inventory costs of containerized cargoes into existing liner service planning models such that the designed networks could be improved while not causing extra modeling/computational burden. Two approaches are compared: (i) not considering the inventory costs at all and (ii) incorporating the inventory costs associated with onboard time and those related to transshipment by assuming a fixed connection time. The two models are compared with the ideal model capturing the exact inventory costs on a route choice problem and a capacity planning problem based on extensive randomly generated and practical numerical experiments. The results show that: first, ignoring the inventory costs in service planning models may lead to network design with much higher costs (poor network design decisions); second, in service planning models assuming weekly frequency, the inventory costs associated with onboard time could be formulated exactly, and those related to the connection time of weekly services could be approximated by assuming fixed connection time of 3.5 days for ports with 1 day’s minimum connection time and 4.5 days for ports with 2 days’ minimum connection time.     

水力式升船机平衡重波动机理

水力式升船机是一种新型的通航建筑物,它完全利用水的浮力来驱动承船厢运行,与传统形式升船机相比具有十分明显的优越性。设计并建立了水力式升船机单竖井概化物理模型,初步探讨影响水力式升船机运行稳定性的主要因素,对比不同试验工况下竖井水力学特性及平衡重波动等特性。结果显示:竖井与平衡重间隙比为0.061时,在一定范围内增大流量对平衡重上升过程波动几乎没有影响,且平衡重上升过程相对稳定。     

基于价值函数的城市绿色交通规划评价

为了评价城市绿色交通,建立了城市绿色交通评价体系,包括环保性指标等3个评价项目和道路绿化率等8个评价指标,文章通过案例分析发现,价值函数法适用于城市绿色交通评价。采用专家打分法确定指标权重系数,并对指标进行无量纲化、同趋向化等处理,采用价值函数法计算评价体系得分。     

在用工业管道焊接缺陷的识别和自身高度的测量

在用工业管道定期检验划分安全状况等级时,须确定焊接缺陷性质和自身高度,当采用射线检测和超声检测时,缺陷具有不同的特征和自身高度的测量方法。通过分析射线检测和超声波检测,夹渣、未焊透、未熔合缺陷的识别方法和自身高度的测量,总结出根据缺陷的产生部位、缺陷的性质、缺陷的方向选择无损检测方法,综合运用射线检测技术和超声检测技术。     

轴对称解对隧道衬砌水压力计算的适用性研究

文章根据渗流理论推导了隧道衬砌水压力的轴对称解,并利用数值分析方法研究了轴对称解对不同形状隧道断面与浅埋隧道的适用性.研究结果表明:轴对称解适用于非圆形隧道断面衬砌水压力的估算;隧道断面形状对衬砌水压力折减系数的影响较小,可以忽略不计,其影响大小主要由衬砌与围岩的渗透系数比值决定.对于浅埋低水头隧道,用轴对称解计算的毛洞流量Qm与数值解比较,其误差较大,最大误差为36.5％;但用来计算衬砌水压力p1以及衬砌后水流量Q1时,误差相对较小,最大误差为6.3％,特别是利用轴对称解得出的衬砌水压力值与利用数值解得出的衬砌水压力特征值最大误差仅为3.4％.     

偏压连拱隧道施工方法研究

文章采川三维有限元数值模拟研究了偏压连拱隧道不同施工顺序下拱顶下沉、中墙稳定性及初期支护受力特征.研究结果表明,先开挖浅埋侧时,拱顶沉降较小,中墙在施工中的稳定安全系数较大、弯矩较小,初期支护受力较大;对于浅埋偏压连拱隧道,围岩变形及中墙在施工中的稳定性控制更为重要.所以,从有利于围岩变形、中墙稳定性控制以及中墙受力的角度出发,宜采用先开挖浅埋侧的施工方法.     

NFM盾构机带压开舱换刀技术

文章以深圳地铁2号线东延线2222标段工程中采用的带压开舱换刀试行方法为依托,针对NFM土压平衡盾构机的设备情况,总结出了相关的技术方案,主要包括开舱前的准备工作和带压开舱换刀作业的整个实施流程及相关技术要点。