European advanced driver training programs: Reasons for optimism

Post license advanced driver training programs in the US and early programs in Europe have often failed to accomplish their stated objectives because, it is suspected, that drivers gain self perceived driving skills that exceed their true skills—leading to increased post training crashes. The consensus from the evaluation of countless advanced driver training programs is that these programs are a detriment to safety, especially for novice, young, male drivers.Some European countries including Sweden, Finland, Austria, Luxembourg, and Norway, have continued to refine these programs, with an entirely new training philosophy emerging around 1990. These ‘post-renewal’ programs have shown considerable promise, despite various data quality and availability concerns. These programs share in common a focus on teaching drivers about self assessment and anticipation of risk, as opposed to teaching drivers how to master driving at the limits of tire adhesion. The programs focus on factors such as self actualization and driving discipline, rather than low level mastery of skills. Drivers are meant to depart these renewed programs with a more realistic assessment of their driving abilities. These renewed programs require considerable specialized and costly infrastructure including dedicated driver training facilities with driving modules engineered specifically for advanced driver training and highly structured curriculums. They are conspicuously missing from both the US road safety toolbox and academic literature. Given the considerable road safety concerns associated with US novice male drivers in particular, these programs warrant further attention.This paper reviews the predominant features and empirical evidence surrounding post licensing advanced driver training programs focused on novice drivers. A clear articulation of differences between the renewed and current US advanced driver training programs is provided. While the individual quantitative evaluations range from marginally to significantly effective in reducing novice driver crash risk, they have been criticized for evaluation deficiencies ranging from small sample sizes to confounding variables to lack of exposure metrics. Collectively, however, the programs sited in the paper suggest at least a marginally positive effect that needs to be validated with further studies. If additional well controlled studies can validate these programs, a pilot program in the US should be considered.     

基于动态控制的船舶制造成本反馈系统

成本失控是制约船舶企业竞争力的关键因素.为实现成本的动态控制,要求成本反馈系统能够及时、经济地提供准确的产品成本信息.为适应船舶制造成本反馈的特殊需求,对作业成本法进行了三点改进:统一了直接成本和间接成本处理方式、以广义工作中心进行成本归集和分配、合并了成本动因.算例表明改进的作业成本法计算出的产品成本准确性介于传统的成本核算方法和作业成本法之间,且贴近作业成本法.     

计算机联锁记录查询系统通信影响关键因素及对策研究

以目前车站现场大量应用的TYJL-Ⅱ型计算机联锁系统为基础并选取其记录查询系统作为研究对象,借鉴融合Windows操作系统原理及计算机网络编程技术,对记录查询系统在计算机联锁系统内部的通信影响关键因素从应用软件和操作系统软件平台两个方面分别进行研究,提出各自相应的具体完善与优化对策。通过实验测试初步确定完善应用软件及优化操作系统软件平台对策的正确性和可行性。实验室对比验证及大量车站现场应用的结果表明,优化后的操作系统软件平台搭载完善后的记录查询系统应用软件能够有效解决计算机联锁记录查询系统通信影响关键因素的问题。     

改进非参数回归在交通状态预测中的应用

非参数回归是解决短时交通参数预测问题的较好方法。文章针对非参数回归方法应用于交通状态预测时所存在的不足，提出了由主成分分析的状态向量选取方法和基于斜率表示的相似性度量方法相结合的改进型非参数回归方法，并结合厦门市仙岳隧道工程进行实例验证，表明该改进方法具有较好的预测效果。     

环境保护问题的法律调整模式分析

政府直接管制与基于市场的经济手段在环境公共政策的调整领域都有其有利的地位,环境政策的关键在于寻找市场调节与政府直接干预的均衡点,以达到环境保护与经济发展协调的目的。本文从外部性、公共产品、信息不对称三个使“市场失灵”的角度分析了环境保护问题的法律调整模式,认为解决环境问题需要“看得见的手”和“看不见的手”兼而用之。     

数字摄影测量在交通事故现场勘查中的应用

对于交通事故现场的处理，目前主要使用拉皮尺、目击调查以及使用影像记录等简单的勘查手段，这对需要快速记录现场情况，然后迅速疏通交通，并在事后进行事故分析和责任认定等造成一定的困难。文章将数字摄影测量中的双像立体和单像纠正技术引入现场勘查，通过事后恢复有用的几何信息以及绘制符号化事故现场图，实现事故现场的可视化重现，为事故分析、责任认定和案例存档等提供了有效途径。为说明该方法的可行性和有效性，文中介绍了相关软件，并通过实验证明该技术具备精度高。自动化程度高以及使用简单等特点。     

预应力混凝土连续箱梁裂缝加固设计方法研究

经过大量的工程应用,预应力混凝土连续箱梁裂缝问题暴露明显,针对其开裂原因、加固方法的研究成为热点。本文通过资料的收集整理,总结了常见的裂缝形态,并分析了开裂原因。在对裂缝深入研究和多年加固实践的基础上,提出了加固概念设计的方法。通过一个预应力混凝土连续箱梁裂缝的加固设计,展示了该方法的应用过程与效果。     

路况监控图像预警处理算法实现

路况监控图像的识别是交通智能化的重要内容,其中主要在于计算机处理的算法研究。本文提出了路况监控图像预警处理算法的主体设计思想,描述了软件的实现流程,分析了监控隐患对象,提出处理方案,并针对关键算法,描述其原理,包括视角归一、运动检测、跟踪、车辆行人分离、静止物体检测,进而给出了实验图像的处理结果。     

基于知识的汽车驾驶员座椅布置系统

在对多种驾驶员座椅布置方法进行分析的基础上，提出了在汽车布置设计过程中更为实用的布置方法，并且在CATIA软件平台上研制了一个基于知识的汽车驾驶员座椅布置系统。     

PBRRI： A Hybrid Peer-to-Peer Communication Model in Distributed Systems

In distributed systems independent agents need to interact with each other to accomplish their task. Modern peer-to-peer computing technologies always concern with enabling interaction among agents and help them cooperate with each other. But in fact, access control should also be considered to limit interaction to make it harmless. This paper proposed a proxy based rule regulated interaction (PBRRI) model. Role based access control is introduced for security concerns. Regulation rules are enforced in a distributed manner so that PBRRI can be applied to the open distributed systems such as Internet.