A dense water outflow from the Ross Sea, Antarctica: Mixing and the contribution of tides

We use hydrographic, current, and microstructure measurements, and tide-forced ocean models, to estimate benthic and interfacial mixing impacting the evolution of a bottom-trapped outflow of dense shelf water from the Drygalski Trough in the northwestern Ross Sea. During summer 2003 an energetic outflow was observed from the outer shelf ( 500 m isobath) to the  1600 m isobath on the continental slope. Outflow thickness was as great as  200 m, and mean speeds were  0.6 m s^− 1 relative to background currents exceeding  1 m s^− 1 that were primarily tidal in origin. No outflow was detected on the slope in winter 2004, although a thin layer of dense shelf water was present on the outer shelf. When the outflow was well-developed, the estimated benthic stress was of order one Pascal and the bulk Froude number over the upper slope exceeded one. Diapycnal scalar diffusivity (K_z) values in the transition region at the top of the outflow, estimated from Thorpe-scale analysis of potential density and measurements of microscale temperature gradient from sensors attached to the CTD rosette, were of order 10^− 3−10^− 2 m² s^− 1. For two cases where the upper outflow boundary was particularly sharply defined, entrainment rate w_e was estimated from K_z and bulk outflow parameters to be  10^− 3 m s^− 1 ( 100 m day^− 1). A tide-forced, three-dimensional primitive equation ocean model with Mellor-Yamada level 2.5 turbulence closure scheme for diapycnal mixing yields results consistent with a significant tidal role in mixing associated with benthic stress and shear within the stratified ocean interior.     

水泥土湿喷桩在高速公路海相软土处理中的应用评价

针对海相软土含水量大、粘粒含量高的特点,采用水泥土湿喷桩复合地基处理方式。通过对湿喷桩处理段的大量检测结果进行统计分析,得出的一些结论对于高速公路的软基处理具有实际意义。     

Simple Identification of Some Coastal Marine Habitats by Modeling with Sea-Chart Data

A simple numerical model was applied to distinguish permanently oxygenated marine sill basins from periodically anoxic basins in Nordland County, northern Norway. Input data are sill depth, width of the tidal channel, sea surface area, and tidal range. The model produces a Topography Tidal Factor (TTF) that seems to be an adequate index correlating with empirical field data when sills have saddle depths <30 m. The depth of the pycnocline, and the oxygen concentration of the basin water increases logarithmically with the calculated TTF value toward an asymptotic level. At TTF ≥0.02 basins are mostly well-oxygenated and have a permanent fauna of epibenthic and hyperbenthic animals. Basins with TTF <0.02 may become anoxic each autumn, which permanently prevents establishment of communities with multi-annual sessile benthos. Low oxygen concentration may also cause seasonal variation in the occurrence of motile species. In tidal channels, the abundance of bivalves and fish, as well as the biodiversity in general, probably increases with TTF. The applied method may be universally valid in regions shaped by glacial erosion but needs to be further developed by more detailed studies.     

搅拌桩处理公路软弱地基施工工艺的探讨

以搅拌桩工艺处理软土地基,使其承压性能达到道路施工的必要条件。基于工程实践对其使用工艺进行技术优化,对于提高作业效率和降低工程成本是十分必要的。     

沥青搅拌设备燃烧系统的使用维护及故障排查研究

随着我国公路建设的快速发展，越来越多的施工技术应用于公路的建设中，因此施工设备面临着很大的挑战。针对施工中沥青搅拌设备燃烧系统发生的开启风门较大、设备内部阀芯被杂质或者油品堵塞以及无法点火等问题进行了细致的探讨，分析故障排查方法，以保障路面施工不受影响。     

Estimates of vertical mixing during a Lagrangian experiment off the Galician coast

An adjoint 1-D model was used to determine vertical diffusivity coefficients from temperature profiles collected within a filament escaping from the Galician coast following an upwelling event. The optimisation scheme ended with relatively high diffusivity values within the thermocline (9×10⁻⁵ m² s⁻¹). Such high values are relevant for biogeochemical exchanges between surface and deep waters in stratified areas.The optimised values were several orders of magnitude higher than the bulk of diffusivity measurements recorded with a free-falling device; however, the optimisation solution was consistent with the arithmetic mean of the measurements in the thermocline (7.7×10⁻⁵ m² s⁻¹), giving more weight to the few largest values. Below the thermocline, the data assimilation method failed because of the three-dimensional nature of the advective field of the upwelling system. Ignoring this advective forcing in the model led to estimates that were two orders of magnitude too high.The results suggest that turbulent mixing is a random process where a few intense events determine the average mixing that drives the long-term evolution of the water column structure. This statistical property is very important when one wants to use instantaneous diffusivity measurements for modelling purposes.     

粉喷桩在王兰高速公路路基加固中的应用

粉喷桩作为加固软土地基的一种方法,已被广泛地应用于高速公路的软土地基处理中。通过粉喷桩在王兰高速公路中的施工实践及现场试验,验证了工艺性试桩的重要性;通过有效的质量控制和质量检验方法的实施,达到了路基安全可靠、正常使用的目的。     

用组态软件开发沥青搅拌设备的监控系统

结合旧监控系统的缺点和组态软件,介绍了新沥青搅拌设备监控系统的功能特点,阐述了用组态软件开发监控系统的方法。实践表明用组态软件开发监控系统是一种简易实用的方法。     

电控LPG/柴油双燃料发动机的性能研究

对LRC6105柴油机改装为电控LPG/柴油双燃料发动机进行了实验研究,研究了不同掺烧比对燃料经济性、动力性和排放特性的影响。结果表明,加入一定比例的LPG可改变缸内燃烧过程,大幅度降低排气烟度,在一定程度上提高了燃油经济性;随着掺烧比的提高,尾气中HC和CO的含量有明显增加;电控双燃料发动机的动力性与原机基本相同。柴油机掺烧LPG有一定的规律,随发动机负荷、转速等参数的变化,掺烧有一最佳掺烧比,使得柴油机的动力性能、NOx和碳烟排放均达到最优化。     

天然气掺氢发动机试验用混合气配比系统研制

为满足天然气掺氢发动机试验要求,开发应用于发动机台架试验的定掺氢比混合气配制系统。首先对定压配比系统结构组成及误差进行了分析,提出了适合天然气掺氢发动机试验用的在线混合系统,并对其组成、掺氢比控制方法及系统误差进行了分析,证明该系统能够满足发动机掺氢比试验要求。