为保护环境研制应用常温筑路养路材料

在分析、探讨公路建设环境保护问题及研制应用常温筑路养路材料的意义的基础上,对辽宁省研制应用常温筑、养路材料的情况作了介绍,以供业内人士参考。     

刚构连续梁高温合龙处理措施与体会

研究目的：天津铁路枢纽南仓特大桥38 m＋62 m＋38 m刚构连续梁是在正常的合龙温度下进行设计的,但由于拆迁等特殊情况的影响,本桥主跨合龙进入夏季,高温合龙不可避免.针对本桥介绍一下高温合龙的特殊处理措施和体会,给相关结构设计、施工提供一些借鉴和帮助. 研究方法：结合该桥合龙时所处的温度环境,针对高温合龙方案进行经济技术比较,采用结构分析计算与现场实测相结合的方法进行研究. 研究结果：针对高温合龙提出一套成功的施工经验与针对性的技术措施. 研究结论：搭棚冰块降温与在中跨合龙段施加顶力的组合方案是一个典型的高温合龙的处理范例.该方案操作可行、效果良好,适合于中小跨度桥梁,但对于大跨度桥梁结构工作面较大的情况,应慎重选择.     

既有铁路客运站次生环境影响分析

通过现场调研、测试，研究既有铁路客运站周边地区的环境质量状况，主要剖析区域噪声、大气温度水平等。结合站点周边区域的土地利用情况、人口分布状况、机动车流量等相关因素，分析不同规模铁路车站周边区域环境质量的次生影响。     

斜拉桥施工控制中的温度影响分析

研究目的：研究温度场对斜拉桥施工控制的影响。研究方法：本文主要研究了斜拉桥的温度场的特点、类型和计算方法，结合云阳长江大桥工程实际，利用有限元方法建立空间模型，对其温度影响进行了计算并与实测值进行了对比分析。 研究成果：本文分析了结构体内温度场的规律性，表明日照等不均匀温差对斜拉桥结构的影响很大，并证明利用该方法得出的结果与实际比较吻合。 研究结论：本文提出的计算方法可以比较准确地计算斜拉桥施工控制中的温度影响，有利于施工中调整主梁的线形、应力，符合可靠性的要求。     

碱性蓄电池电解液质量维护系统

探索采用光敏元件、传感器检测电池外观、液位，电位分析系统与计算机处理结合完成成分分析及不合格电解液的处理。     

一种客车自动喷洒灭火装置的方案设计

介绍一种客车自动喷洒灭火装置的技术方案及实验验证。     

轨检仪轨距测量误差的温度影响与补偿

轨距参数的准确测量是铁路行车安全的有力保障,作为轨道几何参数测量的常用仪器,轨检仪在轨距测量过程中容易受温度影响,当传感器的标定温度与测量时环境温度相差较大时,误差体现更加明显。针对这一测量误差来源,提出温补因子的概念,从实验计算出温补因子大小,再从理论上验证了该温补因子的正确性。实验结果表明,增加温补因子后的轨距测量不再受标定温度及测量环境温度的温差影响,提高了轨检仪的轨距测量准确性,证明了温度补偿的必要性。     

浅析混凝土温差裂缝产生的原因与防治策略

结合工程实例，对混凝土温差裂缝产生的原因进行了分析，并提出了相应的预防措施及处理方法。     

青沙山隧道地温场测试与分析

采用埋入式铂金属热敏电阻测试方法,对地处青藏高原东部的青沙山公路隧道地温场进行现场实测与分析。结果表明:隧道洞口段,当环境温度较低时,地温差值分布明显,隧道进出口段衬砌背后出现相当长时间的负温;隧道洞内段,11月至次年3月,环境温度与所测地温相差很大,4月至7月,地温不稳定,围岩内各测点的温度曲线按位置重新进行调整,低温曲线上升到最高温处,高温的曲线则到达最低温处;7月至11月,隧道进口端地温下降曲线同隧道区环境温度变化同步,而隧道出口端地温比该处隧道内环境温度滞后;在冬季,衬砌内温度始终呈现倒U型,从隧道口向隧道中间,地温是上升的,地温上升呈现进口幅度小,出口幅度大,在低温度月份进口温度稍高于出口温度,在较高温月份进口温度低于出口温度;随着围岩深度的加深,温度是增加的,浅处的温度增量要大于深处;围岩内隧道径向存在某一比较稳定的温度边界条件。     

Long-term sea surface temperature baselines—time series, spatial covariation and implications for biological processes

Coastal areas such as estuaries, bays and fjords usually have hydrographic characteristics (e.g., temperature, salinity) which differ from those at larger spatial scales and in offshore areas. The differences can arise if the areas are subject to different climatic forcing or if they are relatively isolated from each other due to topographic and ocean circulation features which inhibit advective inputs of water mass properties. Local differences in hydrographic conditions can therefore potentially limit the applicability of existing long time series of coastally monitored temperatures for addressing questions at large spatial scales, such as the response of species distributions and phenologies to climate change. In this study we investigate the spatial synchrony of long-term sea surface temperatures in the North Sea–Baltic Sea region as measured daily at four coastal sites (Marsdiep, Netherlands; Torungen, Norway; Skagens Reef, Denmark; and Christiansø, Denmark) and in several large offshore areas. All time series, including two series reconstructed and intercalibrated for this study (Skagens Reef and Christiansø, Denmark), began during 1861–1880 and continue until at least 2001. Temperatures at coastal sites co-varied strongly with each other and with opportunistically measured offshore temperatures despite separation distances between measuring locations of 20–1200 km. This covariance is probably due to the influence of large-scale atmospheric processes on regional temperatures and is consistent with the known correlation radius of atmospheric fluctuations (ca. 1000 km). Differences (e. g, long-term trends, amplitude of seasonal variations) between coastal temperatures and those measured in adjacent offshore areas varied nonrandomly over time and were often significantly autocorrelated up to 2 years. These differences suggest that spatial variations in physical oceanographic phenomena and sampling heterogeneities associated with opportunistic sampling could affect perceptions of biological responses to temperature fluctuations. The documentation that the coastally measured temperatures co-vary with those measured opportunistically in offshore areas suggests that the coastal data, which have been measured daily using standardized methods and instruments, contain much of the variability seen at larger spatial scales. We conclude that both types of time series can facilitate assessments of how species and ecosystems have responded to past temperature changes and how they may react to future temperature changes.