弯曲分汊河段浅区成因研究

为解决弯曲分汊河段航道治理的关键问题,选取长江中游监利河段,采用调研与实测资料分析、理论研究、水槽概化模型试验等手段,给出了弯曲分汊河段水流脉动动能的分层平面等值线图,揭示了分流区浅滩形成的内在机理,给出了弯曲分汊河段沿程水流挟沙力变化情况。表明分流区底部水流的脉动动能比较分散,得出水流挟沙力在分流区最小,这也是分流区浅滩形成的原因之一。     

Human Impacts on Cable Beach,Broome (Western Australia)

There are concerns that Cable Beach, which is of outstanding natural beauty and a major tourist attraction for Broome and the Kimberley region of northwest Australia, is suffering damage from recreational use, particularly that caused by off-road vehicles. To assess current levels of human impact on the shore and its fauna, the southern-most kilometer of the Beach, covering an area to which vehicles had access and an adjacent area closed to vehicles, was surveyed for human usage and shore crab abundance. Human usage over the recording period was high in the area with high vehicular access. The amount of litter, although considerable, was well below that recorded in some other tourist destinations elsewhere in the world. Burrows of both the ghost crabs Ocypode spp, and the sand bubbler, Scopimera inflata, were less numerous in areas of high vehicle use than those of low use. Both species may be valuable in monitoring human impacts on Cable Beach.     

Review of Countermeasures against Beach Erosion on the Taiwanese Coast

Beach erosion is one of the most significant coastal preservation problems in the world. This study first briefly addresses the influences of human activity on beach erosion. The seriousness of beach erosion in Taiwan has received considerable attention since the 1960s, following rapid population growth and economic development in the coastal areas. Hard solutions of stabilized structures against beach erosion in Taiwan at that time are reviewed based on their effectiveness in protecting property and their ability to produce a landscape that harmonizes with the adjacent coastal environment. Soft coastal defense solutions implemented recently in coastal regions in Taiwan are introduced and their benefits are discussed. This study concludes that various methods designed to prevent wave- and current-induced beach erosion should be based on analyses of nearshore hydrodynamics, sediment transport, coastal processes, and physiographic features of beaches.     

The social and political economy of coastal zone management: Shrimp mariculture in Ecuador

Abstract

The paper examines the applicability of First World CZM policy for the Third World by focusing on Ecuador's shrimp mariculture, an industry whose explosive growth has reshaped the coastal zone and generated problems threatening loss of the resource base itself. This has led to recognized need for CZM and movement by development agencies to transfer the CZ policies of developed countries. Against this background, the analysis explores local concepts of investment and conservation, the role of government and law, and the influence of the social economy on mariculture development. It illuminates how local use and management of coastal resources is inseparable from specifically Ecuadorean cultural concepts, institutions, and practices. This places in relief the salient differences between management in the First and Third Worlds, illuminating how coastal zone management must not only be internally consistent, but cognizant of and integrated into the prevailing social, economic, and political conditions.     

粉沙质海岸的工程泥沙问题

粉沙质海岸泥沙活跃,易起易沉,易发生骤淤,曾一度被视为建港"禁区",并成为泥沙研究的"盲区"。文中对粉沙质海岸建港中的工程泥沙问题进行了分析总结。     

长江中下游洲滩守护工程概化模型试验研究﹡

为了研究洲滩守护工程的护滩效果及工程实施后局部冲刷坑形态,以长江下游较为典型的洲滩守护工程为例,采用大比尺局部动床概化物理模型试验方法,对鱼骨型间隔式护滩带工程进行了试验研究。根据工程及试验具体情况,详细分析了该试验方法的可行性,并给出了鱼骨型护滩带方案的试验结果。结果表明,该试验方法不但能够较方便地比选不同平面布置的工程方案之间的护滩效果,同时可得到局部冲刷坑的形态参数,对工程设计有较好的指导意义。     

长江下游高港边滩演变趋势及其对深水航道的影响

随着长江南京以下12. 5 m深水航道落成洲和鳗鱼沙两个浅滩治理工程的实施,高港浅区段的外部条件发生变化。通过河床演变分析和数值模拟等方法预测10年末高港河段的航道通航条件,分析高港边滩演变趋势及对深水航道通航的影响。研究结果表明:未来扬中河段的河势基本稳定,高港边滩不会大幅度淤涨,也不易冲刷消失;高港边滩段中上段的航道条件能满足深水航道通航条件,高港边滩下段存在轻微碍航情况。     

透水框架群促淤护滩效果研究Ⅱ:分层分时施工

透水框架群在航道整治护滩工程中常采用一次性施工到位的方式。这种施工方式不能充分利用透水框架的高度,会造成透水框架群堆积高度不理想。提出利用先期实施1～2层透水框架群淤积后的地形,再实施1～2层透水框架群,即分层分时实施透水框架群的施工方式。水槽概化试验表明,分层分时实施透水框架群可充分利用先期实施后淤积的地形,达到理想的堆积高度,从而有效提高透水框架群的促淤效果。     

潮间带围堤吹填施工安全管理对策

通州湾港区腰沙二港池匡围工程位于江苏省南通市沿海腰沙上,在建设过程中遇到新的安全风险。针对潮间带的特点,分析存在的安全风险,并结合现场实际提出如签订气象信息服务、施工船舶的选用、设置临时水道、砂石运输船源头控制、邀请当地船员引航、安装船舶定位追踪系统、建立船舶自救互助体系等多个管理对策,以达到安全可控,实现零事故目标。     

Y形整治建筑物护滩效果分析

近年来,在航道整治工程中采用了一种外形类似"Y"的整治建筑物,取得了较好的护滩效果。选取长江下游典型潮汐分汊河段——白茆沙河段进行地形概化,采用潮流数学模型研究Y形建筑物的护滩效果。结果表明,护滩堤一般就近布置在需守护的滩体前沿等深线附近,护滩堤长度需覆盖滩体迎流面最宽处,护滩堤高程可取潮汐分汊河段特征水位;头部潜堤一般沿滩脊线布置,长度延伸至需守护的低滩,可根据多年历史地形资料选择在滩体稳定的等深线附近,高程则以可满足整治建筑物结构安全即可。