江苏沿海滩涂资源利用现状及其存在的问题

沿海滩涂是江苏重要的后备土地资源,滩涂围垦在为江苏沿海经济发展、缓解人口增长压力、保持耕地总量动态平衡等方面做出重要贡献的同时,对沿海湿地及生态系统也带来了一定的影响。文章主要介绍了江苏沿海滩涂开发利用现状和围垦开发后期所带来的一系列问题,并从土地可持续利用的角度初步探讨了滩涂资源合理开发利用的对策和建议。     

琼州海峡罗斗沙岛岸滩演变分析

罗斗沙岛位于琼州海峡东侧,近年由于风暴潮、波浪水流的作用,岛屿西北侧发生严重侵蚀,通过分析罗斗沙岛屿附近的水文、地质和泥沙运动特性,对罗斗沙岛屿附近岸滩演变的原因进行了分析,并对今后演变趋势进行了预测。     

斗笠子卵石沙波运动规律及对航道的影响

斗笠子卵石沙波尺度较大,该河段卵石输移与河床演变特性直接影响下游航道的滩险演变与航道稳定性。采用动床模型试验及实测资料分析的方法,得出斗笠子滩卵石沙波形态、运动规律及对航道的影响。结果表明:斗笠子卵石沙波形态为顺行沙垄,波峰和波谷不固定,运动规律表现出明显的不规则性;卵石沙波在涨水阶段运动剧烈,退水阶段运动平缓,运动规律在前人成果上修正得到;卵石沙波未发生于主航槽,且在进入下游东溪口航槽之前分解消失,对航道无明显影响。     

一种新型人工沙滩围护结构

为响应国家环保节能政策,创新性地提出了木排桩和螺钉桩组合的新型沙滩围护结构,并成功应用在威海某护岸整治工程中.该结构施工简便、效率高、投资小、生态环保、外观效果好,可广泛应用于沙滩围护、湿地、河道及湖区等自然景观类项目中,经济与社会效益良好,推广价值高.     

长江口岸直水道鳗鱼沙心滩头部守护工程局部冲刷水槽概化试验研究———Ⅱ: 局部冲刷试验研究

长江口岸直水道下段鳗鱼沙心滩头部护滩守护工程长达2.2 km,宽为0.58 km,采用缩小的完整护滩与两侧局部护滩进行试验,得到不同水流条件下护滩工程的冲刷坑深度与位置。研究了护滩工程边沿有无压载与排体抛石压载不同间距的影响,提出了边缘压石加宽与重点防护部位,为设计提供了技术依据,并为相关研究与设计提供参考。     

A Review of Dunes in Today's Society

Prior to Superstorm Sandy, the importance of dunes had been widely overlooked in many coastal societies. However, the stark contrast between New Jersey coastal areas that were and were not protected by dunes has created a positive paradigm shift in coastal law and public dune opinion. Government officials are mandating the construction of artificial dunes along New Jersey's coast, but it is necessary for communities to first understand the complex nature of these unique systems. With the proper knowledge, a dune can be both a protective structure as well as a working habitat that will ultimately better protect upland infrastructure and improve beach health. However, a general lack of terminological consistency among formal media and governing entities makes properly quantifying and assessing dune health difficult and unwarranted ecological conclusions inevitable. Here, dune terminology, “blowout,” “washout,” and “bowling” is clarified and defined and the dynamic nature of dunes is explained.     

Information Presentation of Coastal Morphological Change: Potential Implications for Perceptions of Climate Change Impacts

Visual imagery of costal morphological change processes must be accompanied by supporting information to make change processes understandable. We explored the influence of supporting information (graphs and numeric values) on perceptions of coastal morphological change processes through an experiment delivered to coastal recreationists. Supporting information was presented alongside four imagery types: human perspective digital elevation models (DEMs), human perspective digital photographs, aerial views of DEMs and aerial photography. We found neither the use of graphs nor numeric values influenced respondents' perceptions of coastal environmental change. However, perceptions varied significantly across imagery type; human perspective digital photographs and aerial photographs yielded higher ratings compared to human perspective DEMs and aerial views of DEMs. The results suggest supporting information representing increasingly severe rates of beach erosion and shoreline movement does not translate into perceptions of increasingly dramatic geophysical processes; this is consistent with previous empirical findings. The results also suggest individuals perceive coastal change processes as more severe when those processes are presented through photographs, particularly aerial photographs. Scientists, educators and coastal land use managers struggling to communicate the magnitude and severity associated with coastal geophysical processes are advised to use comparative aerial photography when possible.     

加筋麦克垫在护滩工程中的应用及施工质量控制

在长江下游马当南水道航道整治工程中,洲滩下游段守护首次采用了新型的加筋麦克垫。普通三维网垫在抵抗水流冲蚀应用时,通常在防护性能发挥到极限前,就会出现材料破坏(如撕裂)的情况。根据马克菲尔集团与美国犹他州立大学的试验研究,发现通过高强度钢丝网加筋的三维网垫,其材料自身抵抗破坏的性能有显著提高,能够保证材料的冲蚀防护性能得以发挥。除此之外,其自身的稳定性也是保证防护性能的关键。针对加筋麦克垫质量轻的特点,在基床整平、网垫锚固以及搭接绞合等方面进行了严格的施工质量控制,保证加筋麦克垫在护滩工程中首次应用就取得了良好的防护效果。     

海滩地区现浇梁支架设计与施工

厦门集美大桥工程C3合同段63号～73号墩位于海滩上，支架最高达15m。详细介绍了海滩地区现浇梁支架设计及施工情况，     

粉沙质海岸开敞航道回淤计算的统计概化模型

针对粉沙质海岸开敞航道的回淤特点提出了一个计算航道回淤的统计概化模型。用此模型计算了某港粉沙质航道在施工过程中遭遇几次大风后的回淤量 ,并用此港实际测量所得回淤量来验证 ,得出较为一致的结果。因而 ,此模型可用于实际工程计算。又通过此港的实际资料 ,进行了粉沙质航道回淤的统计特性分析 ,为进一步开展粉沙质航道泥沙运动和航道回淤研究提供了一些参考资料。