Modeling Potential Impacts of Beach Replenishment on Horseshoe Crab Nesting Habitat Suitability

Beach replenishment has been proposed to increase nesting habitat for horseshoe crabs, but its environmental consequences may compromise the egg development and viability of this declining species. Horseshoe crab habitat requirements were used to build a habitat suitability model in STELLA to predict the potential impacts of beach replenishment on horseshoe crab eggs. A habitat suitability index (H.S.I.) comprised of six variables (dissolved oxygen, sediment grain size, sand temperature, sand moisture, wave energy, and salinity) was developed and compared between replenished and natural beaches. Sediment grain size and dissolved oxygen were higher in the natural beach, whereas sand temperature and moisture were higher in the replenished beach, resulting in significantly higher suitability of the natural beach (p = 5.39 × 10^?15, df = 30). The model was most sensitive to air temperature, rainfall, tide, and sediment grain size. This model is useful for understanding the processes affecting horseshoe crabs and predicting impacts of coastal management activities on habitat suitability. Based on the results of this model, beach replenishment is not recommended for increasing or improving horseshoe crab habitat, unless care is taken to match fill sediment to natural grain size and color.     

Australian Beach Safety and the Politics of Shark Attacks

There are no simple government solutions when sharks bite people. These rare and sometimes fatal incidents are fraught with uncertainties and command a disproportionate amount of psychological space in the minds of the public, as well as a large degree of policy space and funding from many governments. Responses to mitigate shark bite incidents involve public policies that contend with the needs of public safety as well as the responsibility to protect endangered predators. Little study to date has been done examining the politics of shark attacks, yet these events are among the most geographically dispersed human–wildlife conflicts in the world. I examine the underlying concerns that drive this policy process by asking how problem definition framing by policy entrepreneurs affects government responses following shark bite incidents. Through a case study of shark bite incidents in Sydney, Australia in 1929, 1934, and 2009, I identify three competing problem definitions: behavioral, psychological, and conservation. The psychological definition, building confidence in the minds of the public, is shown to be the most successful. Building on previous research, I argue that policy entrepreneurship is a central feature in the strength of problem definitions. I conclude by suggesting lessons for the balanced coastal management of human–marine life conflicts including the selection of trusted spokespeople, prioritizing measures to relieve short-term public anxiety, reframing beach ecosystems as “the wild,” and connecting public safety education to personal behavior.     

汉口江滩防洪及环境综合整治工程

该文通过对汉口江滩防洪及环境综合工程的定位研究和设计案例,探讨了位于城市主核心区的滨江区域的功能定位和利用途径,以及城市防洪工程建设与休闲绿地营造相结合的新的模式,在满足城市防洪的前提下,为营造城市公共休闲绿地空间作了大胆的尝试。方案综合解决了城市防洪、生态保护、文化挖掘、绿地重建等问题,使汉口江滩成为生态江滩、活力江滩、文化江滩、炫彩江滩,满足了城市展示、市民需求的多种功能。     

通州湾港区围填海工程起步方案比较

围填海工程在促进区域经济发展的同时会对周边海域滩槽形态、生态环境产生一定的影响。以通州湾港区起步工程为例,通过建立潮流数学模型,模拟南黄海辐射沙脊群海域的潮流形态。在此基础上,比较了两套不同围填海开发方案对工程区域滩面的冲淤影响。从整体上看,两套方案对工程周边海域的海底冲淤产生明显影响,但随着时间的推移趋于平衡。基于目前的模拟结果,先期实施离岸式的二港池更有利于维持小庙洪水道的畅通以及滩涂资源的保护。     

融江螺滩河段航道整治数学模型研究

螺滩滩群位于广西融江浮石与大浦枢纽之间的水位不衔接段,该段河道水浅流急,碍航严重,急需整治。应用新开发的平面二维有限单元水流数学模型,针对螺滩河段的具体碍航特性,提出了相应的整治措施,并对不同的整治方案进行了优化分析。最后,给出了满足规划设计要求的航道整治方案。     

人工沙滩在堤后次生波作用下的稳定性试验

基于波浪泥沙物理模型,考虑不同水位条件、不同重现期的波浪作用以及复坡和单坡2种不同坡度的沙滩坡面,对斯里兰卡科伦坡港口人工沙滩的冲淤情况及稳定性进行试验研究。结果表明,在次生波作用下,沙滩出现了不同程度的冲刷,沙滩剖面出现冲刷的主要部位一般位于水面线以下的波浪破碎带内,但当波浪条件增大时,人工沙滩剖面在水面线以上也呈普遍冲刷状态。在试验工况范围内,外海水位越高,波高、周期越大,防波堤堤后的次生波越大,所造成的沙滩剖面变形越大,冲刷深度越大。复坡和单坡2种不同坡度方案滩面泥沙在次生波作用下的冲淤部位基本相似,剖面稳定性相当。     

Information Management in Beach Planning

Abstract

This article concerns optimizing the use of environmental information for creative planning. It arose from a detailed study of the status and management of the coastal dunes of New South Wales, Australia, and discusses the way in which ideas for optimizing the management process were developed, and applied to three beach environments on the coast of New South Wales, Australia.

The problem of coastal beach/dune management may be thought of as being similar to a production function in which the inputs are the land resource, the skills and knowledge of managers, finance, and materiel. The outcomes are in the form of experiences, or opportunities for experiences, either passive or active, either consumption values or option values, desired by the coastal user population (which includes the resource managers themselves). The resource manager's task is to manipulate the “production function”; in order that the outputs will best mesh with the expectations of the user population and with the capability of the land resource to deliver on a sustained basis. An aim of the project was to develop a method for the specification of different possible outputs from the production function, in different beach/dune environments, and that could be used to assist in the preparation of advice on appropriate recreational development, allowing decisions to be based on both environmental data and information on the expectations, activities, and amenity preferences of beach users.     

The demand for local access to coastal recreation in southern New England

Coastal lands provide popular outdoor recreation opportunities including beach recreation, fishing, boating, and wildlife viewing. Published studies measuring the demand for access to coastal lands generally have focused on the recreational value of intensively used beaches, which comprise only a portion of the New England coastline. This article examines the recreational demand for coastal access to a local, free‐access site in southern New England. The study uses data obtained from on‐site interviews conducted during the summer of 1995 at Gooseberry Island, Massachusetts. The estimated average value of a visitor‐day during the summer season is $3.06 for weekdays and $4.18 for weekends and holidays. While these values are at the low end of the range of values published in existing literature addressing beach recreation, the aggregate value of recreation benefits derived from public access to undeveloped coastal areas likely are significant.     

福姜沙水道双涧沙滩面越滩流对滩槽稳定的影响

以福姜沙水道双涧沙为研究对象,通过原型观测资料分析和数学模型手段,分析双涧沙越滩流成因与分布规律,并探讨其对深水航道的影响。结果表明:落潮时受福北水道章春港以下过流能力逐步减弱的影响,进入福北水道的水流沿程逐步越过双涧沙滩面进入浏海沙水道,涨潮时浏海沙水道涨潮流逐步越过双涧沙进入福北水道。越滩流的大小和强度分布主要与上游来水、双涧沙沙体地形条件等有关——大水越滩流位置下移,小水越滩流位置上提。过大强度越滩流的存在不利于双涧沙滩面稳定,冲刷输移的泥沙不利于临近航道水深条件的维护。     

南通市沿海滩涂资源围垦开发现状与成效*

通过对南通沿海滩涂资源潜力的分析,结合南通沿海地区当前滩涂围垦现状,总结该区域滩涂围垦所带来的一系列成效。研究表明：南通沿海地区加强滩涂围垦有利于拓展渔业发展空间,提升渔业发展水平;加快陆海产业合理布局,促进产业转型升级;完善港口基础设施,促进临港产业发展;促进港产城融合发展,壮大滨海旅游业。