城市交通系统通行性影响因素及计算理论

文章分析了震后城市交通系统通行性的影响因素,提出了包含路段单元通行概率、路段连通概率及路网连通概率的城市交通系统通行性计算理论,为城市路网的连通可靠性评价提供参考。     

Stability and bifurcation in network traffic flow: A Poincaré map approach

Previous studies have shown that, in a diverge-merge network with two intermediate links (the DM network), the kinematic wave model always admits stationary solutions under constant boundary conditions, but periodic oscillations can develop from empty initial conditions. Such contradictory observations suggest that the stationary states be unstable. In this study we develop a systematic approach to investigate the stability property of stationary states in this and other networks within the framework of network kinematic wave theories. Based on the observation that kinematic waves propagate in a circular path when only one of the two intermediate links is congested, we derive a one-dimensional, discrete Poincaré map in the out-flux at a Poincaré section. We then prove that the fixed points of the Poincaré map correspond to stationary flow-rates on the two links. With Lyapunov’s first method, we demonstrate that the Poincaré map can be finite-time stable, asymptotically stable, or unstable. When unstable, the map is found to have periodical points of period two, but no chaotic solutions. We further analyze the bifurcation in the stability of the Poincaré map caused by varying route choice proportions. We apply the Poincaré map approach to analyzing traffic patterns in more general (DM)ⁿ and beltway networks, which are sufficient and necessary structures for network-induced unstable traffic and gridlock, respectively. This study demonstrates that the Poincaré map approach can be efficiently applied to analyze traffic dynamics in any road networks with circular information propagation and provides new insights into unstable traffic dynamics caused by interactions among network bottlenecks.     

Closed-form multiclass cell transmission model enhanced with overtaking,lane-changing,and first-in first-out properties

A novel multiclass macroscopic model is proposed in this article. In order to enhance first-in, first-out property (FIFO) and transmission function in the multiclass traffic modeling, a new multiclass cell transmission model with FIFO property (herein called FM-CTM) is extended from its prior multiclass cell transmission model (M-CTM). Also, to enhance its analytical compactness and resultant computational convenience, FM-CTM is formulated in this paper as a set of closed-form matrix equations. The objective is to improve the accuracy of traffic state estimation by enforcing FIFO property when a fast vehicle cannot overtake a slow vehicle due to a limitation of a single-lane road. Moreover, the proposed model takes into account a different priority for vehicles of each class to move forward through congested road conditions, and that makes the flow calculation independent from their free-flow speeds. Some hypothetical and real-world freeway networks with a constant or varying number of lanes are selected to verify FM-CTM by comparing with M-CTM and the conventional CTM. Observed densities of VISSIM and real-world dataset of I-80 are selected to compare with the simulated densities from the three CTMs. The numerical results show that FM-CTM outperforms the other two models by 15% of accuracy measures in most cases. Therefore, the proposed model is expected to be well applicable to the road network with a mixed traffic and varying number of lanes.     

厦漳跨海大桥北汊主桥索塔及其钢锚梁研究

从景观、受力、施工和经济性等几方面对厦漳跨海大桥北汊主桥索塔造型、基础形式及索塔锚固方式进行方案研究比选,最终确定北汊主桥采用钻石型索塔及其钢锚梁锚固方式。     

十字交叉吊杆拱桥支座更换顶升方案研究

对某钢管混凝土十字交叉吊杆拱桥支座更换顶升方案进行分析研究,采用有限元软件分析并探讨主梁与梯道梁相接处的钢板连接、主梁与主拱相交处的橡胶圈、单点顶升与多点顶升、顶升位置、附加支撑以及顶升最大高度对拱梁受力性能的影响,得出相应结论及建议,为同类型桥梁施工提供借鉴。     

Rice公式外推桥梁荷载效应

在当今,如何对桥梁进行合理评估已成为桥梁工作者的一个重要课题。而在桥梁评估过程中,科研工作者往往需要定量描述评估周期内某座桥梁的交通车辆荷载大小,一般用荷载效应描述。就此根据动态称重系统实测的107国道路段交通荷载数据产生的模拟车流对评估周期内荷载效应极值的计算方法进行了初步研究,以各种跨径简支梁为例,利用Rice外推理论外推各个观测周期的荷载效应极值,并以此作为建立评估荷载模型的基础。     

基于截面力设定的纵梁轻量化半经验设计

采用半经验方法,通过分析同级对标车型的纵梁各断面通过力,获得了纵梁通过力的设计目标;根据本文提出的薄壁管梁压溃力公式,反推出纵梁所采用的尺寸、材料;根据结构轻量化原则,在概念设计阶段确定了纵梁的最优设计参数。通过对碰撞加速度、吸能盒、纵梁的试验与仿真结果对比可知,本文所提设计方法合理有效。     

分离式钢箱梁不同横梁构造方案计算和比选研究

分离式钢箱梁逐步在大跨度悬索桥和斜拉桥中得到应用。针对分离式钢箱梁的连接横梁相对薄弱、构造复杂等特殊性,采用有限元软件ANSYS建立空间有限元计算模型,研究对比不同横梁构造方案的详细受力情况。通过计算分析,掌握分离式钢箱梁受力性能,使结构处于安全的受力状态,从而达到优化设计的目的,为同类桥梁设计提供参考。     

昌平钢-混凝土结合连续刚构桥的设计与施工

昌平跨线桥采用两联跨度为(37+60+79+42.5)m及(42.5+79+42.5)m的钢-混凝土结合连续刚构型式.该桥主梁为钢-混凝土结合梁,钢箱梁采用单箱单室直腹板截面,桥面板为钢筋混凝土结构,钢箱梁在中墩处与混凝土墩身固结,下部结构墩柱均采用矩形桥墩.采用有限元程序MIDAS Civil建立全桥空间结构计算模型,对该桥进行静力计算分析,结果表明钢箱应力及结构强度均满足规范要求.为减少对桥下交通的影响,该桥钢箱梁采用工厂预制、现场吊装的方法施工,预制桥面板按先跨中后支点的顺序施工,采用间断法安装.     

伦洲大桥主桥结构设计

伦洲大桥主桥为100 m+2×170 m+100 m空腹式连续梁—刚构组合体系.主梁采用单箱双室截面,主梁上、下弦汇合段采用柔性中板方案;下弦设置顶板束,梁段根部下弦设置腹板下弯束,顶板悬臂浇筑束两两错开布置;上、下弦汇合前施加顶推力并设置临时固结;主墩为实体墩,中主墩固结,边主墩释放,边主墩横向设3排支座,墩顶设临时固结块.0号块、边跨现浇段及合龙段采用支架现浇,其他节段采用挂篮悬臂浇筑.分别采用MIDAS Civil 2010、ANSYS 10.0软件进行主桥总体及局部应力分析,计算结果表明:伦洲大桥各项指标均能满足规范要求,且有一定的安全储备.