独墩单铰支座曲线梁桥通病分析及治理

针对目前独墩单铰支座曲线梁桥出现的通病 ,就温度对其梁体的变位影响以及预应力等因素对其支座支反力的作用进行了实例剖析。在此基础上探讨此类桥梁的支承体系的病害整治对策 ,并通过加固实例的监测结果予以验证     

Neighborhood services,trip purpose,and tour-based travel

Communities are increasingly looking to land use planning strategies to reduce drive-alone travel. Many planning efforts aim to develop neighborhoods with higher levels of accessibility that will allow residents to shop closer to home and drive fewer miles. To better understand how accessible land use patterns relate to household travel behavior, this paper is divided into three sections. The first section describes the typical range of services available in areas with high neighborhood accessibility. It explains how trip-based travel analysis is limited because it does not consider the linked (chained) nature of most travel. The second section describes a framework that provides a more behavioral understanding of household travel. This framework highlights travel tours, the sequence of trips that begin and end at home, as the basic unit of analysis. The paper offers a typology of travel tours to account for different travel purposes; by doing so, this typology helps understand tours relative to the range of services typically offered in accessible neighborhoods. The final section empirically analyzes relationships between tour type and neighborhood access using detailed travel data from the Central Puget Sound region (Seattle, Washington). Households living in areas with higher levels of neighborhood access are found to complete more tours and make fewer stops per tour. They make more simple tours (out and back) for work and maintenance (personal, appointment, and shopping) trip purposes but there is no difference in the frequency of other types of tours. While they travel shorter distances for maintenance-type errands, a large portion of their maintenance travel is still pursued outside the neighborhood. These findings suggest that while higher levels of neighborhood access influences travel tours, it does not spur households to complete the bulk of their errands close to home.     

基于气电转换的发动机缸体在线测量系统

工业计算机控制的发动机缸体测量系统是由气动测量芯轴和差压式测量回路等组成,系统采用气电转换技术,在线自动测量发动机缸孔和主轴承孔并分组打号,满足了生产现场高精度测量的要求。     

冲击压实后旧水泥混凝土路面作为垫层及其回弹模量的试验研究

在提出冲击压实后旧水泥混凝土路面作为加铺结构层之一的设计思路的基础上，阐述实测回弹模量的重要性；通过对大量实测承载板数据进行分析，获得了实施冲击压实处理后旧水泥混凝土板及板下基层回弹模量的量值范围和变化规律，作为加铺层设计的计算参数，并用来评价其残余承载能力。     

新型纤维增强混凝土梁的抗弯冲击特性

为了研究纤维增强混凝土梁的抗弯冲击特性．利用自制的自由落锤抗弯冲击试验装置，测定了不同体积掺率下细直径的腈纶纤维、聚酯纤维、玻璃纤维，粗直径的聚丙烯纤维和哑铃形钢纤维增强混凝土梁的抗弯冲击力学性能。试验表明：纤维增强混凝土梁的冲击次数与纤维品种和体积掺率有关；当细直径纤维的体积掺率为0．07％～O．27％时，纤维增强混凝土梁的初裂、破坏冲击次数分别为素混凝土的1．1～4．5倍和1．1～4．4倍；当粗直径纤维的体积掺率为O．5％～1．4％时，纤维增强混凝土梁的初裂、破坏冲击次数分别为素混凝土梁的2．4～4．6倍和5．2～31．0倍。细纤维增强混凝土梁的初裂冲击性能优于粗纤维增强混凝土梁．粗纤维增强混凝土梁的破坏冲击性能和冲击延性明显优于细纤维增强混凝土梁。     

An Exploration of the Relationship between Timing and Duration of Maintenance Activities

The timing and duration of an activity episode are two important temporal aspects of activity-travel behavior. Understanding the causal relationship between these two variables would be useful in the development of activity-based travel demand modeling systems. This paper investigates the relationship between these two variables by considering two different causal structures – one structure in which time-of-day choice is determined first and influences duration and a second structure in which activity duration is determined first and affects time-of-day choice. These two structures are estimated within a discrete-continuous simultaneous equations framework employing a full-information maximum likelihood methodology that allows error covariance. The estimation is performed separately for commuter and non-commuter samples drawn from a 1996 household travel survey data set from the Tampa Bay area in Florida. The results of the model estimation effort show that the causal structure in which activity duration precedes or affects activity timing (time of day choice) performs better for the non-commuter sample. For the commuter sample, the findings were less conclusive with both causal structures offering equally good statistical measures of fit. In addition, for the commuter sample, all error correlations were found to be zero. These two findings suggest that time of day choice and activity episode duration are only loosely related for the commuter sample, possibly due to the relatively non-discretionary and inflexible work activity and travel.     

钢管混凝土拱空间极限承载力高精度分析

采用考虑材料非线性的钢管混凝土拱空间极限承载力计算方法对1个X型双肋拱与1个平行双肋拱进行了空间极限承载力计算。在该方法中，对钢管混凝土拱结构采用纤维单元模型，该模型假定钢管与混凝土完全粘接，钢管对核心混凝土的套箍作用体现在以一维形式表达的核心混凝土的应力-应变关系曲线之中，针对材料非线性分析中单元内各点刚度参差不齐的特点，采用单元内设小元的方法(相当于子结构)，编制了非线性有限元程序，在该程序中，计算模型完全是基于小元层次进行的，比如单元刚度矩阵由小元刚度矩阵凝聚而成，单元节点的残余力由小元节点的残余力构成，故只需改变单元内小元个数这1个参数就可实现对结构的重新划分且极大地降低了非线性方程组的阶数，非常方便且实用。在程序计算结果得到模型试验结果验证的基础上，还对不同的横撑根数对结构空间极限承载力的影响进行了分析。     

基于数据挖掘的城市机动车停车调查分析研究

进行城市机动车停车场规划前需要开展停车场调查,以得到停车场的基本特征参数、机动车进出记录和停车者的停车行为等信息。通过数据挖掘中的一些方法可以在数据库中挖掘出有用的信息。根据机动车进出停车场的记录计算一系列的停车指标,并借助多元统计分析中典型相关分析的方法,分析停车指标与停车场基本特征参数之间的关系。然后利用关联规则挖掘停车问询调查数据中的潜在信息,分析停车者的行为特征,以掌握更多的停车信息。     

跟驰过程中驾驶员认知结构模型的建立

在道路交通4要素中(人、车、路、环境),人以其主动性和智慧性起着支配作用,是其中的主体要素。基于认知心理学的有关知识,论文采用因子分析法对五轮仪实验系统观测到的车辆跟驰数据进行分析,确定了对车辆跟驰信息提取过程有独立作用的4个因素,相应地将驾驶员认知过程划分为4个阶段,建立了车辆跟驰过程的驾驶员认知结构模型。为驾驶行为研究和车辆跟驰模型的建立提供了理论基础。     

灌注混凝土桩施工方法及工艺的探讨

通过对钻孔灌注桩与沉入桩的对比分析,得出了钻孔灌注桩的优点,并且详细介绍了钻孔灌注桩的施工工艺和方法,总结了提高灌注混凝土桩承载力的方法和灌注桩的检测手段及一般事故处理方法,以供今后类似工程实践参考.