Daily activity and travel sequences of students,faculty and staff at a large Canadian university

This paper examines the activity engagement, sequencing and timing of activities for student, faculty and staff commuter groups at the largest university in the Maritime Provinces of Canada. The daily activity patterns of all university community groups are modeled using the classification and regression tree classifier algorithm. The data used for this study are derived from the Environmentally Aware Travel Diary Survey (EnACT) conducted in spring 2016 at Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia. Results show that there are significant differences in activity and travel behavior between university population segments and the general population in the region, and between campus groups. For example, students participate in more recreation activities compared to faculty and staff. They also take more trips to and from campus, and are more flexible in their scheduling of trips. The insights gained from this study will provide helpful information for promoting sustainability across university campuses, and for development of campus-based travel demand management strategies.     

Aggregating mobile object trajectories: cumulative time geographic density estimation for GPS data

We present new approaches that expand upon the time geographic density estimation (TGDE) framework previously employed to estimate potential path trees. In the past, TGDE metrics have identified possible locations an individual moving object may have passed between, given known origin and destination points. This paper utilizes a new form of TGDE to investigate taxicab GPS traces over a specified time horizon with position ‘gaps’. To this end, we propose a new extension to the TGDE framework, TGDE-C, which is used to determine the cumulative TGDE values for a group of GPS traces, at a given location. These metrics are applied to multiple taxis and allow for time of day analysis. Additionally, we combine these new extensions with existing TGDE metrics that allow us to determine how accessible individual or groups of vehicles are to urban opportunities.     

Impact of regional population density on walking behavior

Land use can influence walking (measured by the number of steps) and so the health of people. This paper presents the result of empirical research on the impact of regional population densities (inhabitants per inhabitable area) on the number of steps (all steps, both outdoors and indoors). With data collected from almost 11,000 respondents in 148 Japanese regions, we estimate polynomial regression models, the total number of steps being the dependent variable and densities being the main independent variable. Regional population density significantly affects the number of steps after controlling for individual and household attributes. The estimated population density that maximizes the number of steps is around 11,000?persons/km². Increasing densities, up to levels of around 11,000?inhabitants/km², could increase walking and consequently the health of inhabitants. The population density elasticity of the number of steps is 0.046–0.049 in a simple log linear regression model without a peak.     

波浪中破损船舶的运动响应研究

波浪中破损船舶的运动会同时受到波浪激励和进出水的影响,而船体运动也会影响进出水过程,二者的相互影响机理十分复杂.本文重点研究波浪中破舱进出水对船舶运动响应的影响,文中首先基于势流理论建立了考虑破舱进出水的4DOF(横荡-垂荡-横摇-纵摇)相互耦合时域预报方法,在计算中假设舱内的液面水平,利用修正的伯努利方程模拟破舱进/出水,利用Ikeda's经验公式修正阻尼系数.然后以一艘ITTC破损稳性标模为例,研究了波浪中考虑破舱进出水的数学模型以及破舱进出水对运动响应的影响,并研究了不同自由度、破舱口位置对运动响应的影响.研究表明,本文基于势流理论建立的时域预报方法可以定量的预报破损船舶的运动响应.     

路基拓宽工程中桩承式加筋路堤处理的数值分析

为掌握拓宽路堤荷载作用下桩承式加筋路堤的工作特性及其处理效果,建立了三维有限元分析模型,采用土水耦合单元模拟地基土,三维薄膜单元模拟土工格栅,并基于接触单元考虑桩土界面的状态非线性,从土拱效应、土工格栅的拉膜效应以及桩土作用等方面验证了桩承式加筋路堤的工作机理。计算结果表明:土工格栅最大拉力发生在原坡脚位置的桩帽边缘处,外侧桩帽边缘的格栅应力逐渐减小;桩承式加筋路堤可使地表不均匀沉降由50.0 cm减小为8.3 cm,超孔隙水压力由63.7 kPa下降为11.0 kPa,并避免了老路基顶面出现的反坡现象,但在老路基处仍出现了较大的地基沉降和超孔隙水压力,故应充分重视老路边坡位置的地基处理。     

城市快速路匝道最小间距模型

匝道间距是路线设计中的重要内容,对交通流有决定性的影响。根据城市快速匝道的特点,应用驾驶员行为理论,模拟了驾驶员城市快速匝道上的驾驶行为。认为匝道间距是影响城市快速路主线运行状况的关键因素。为了合理确定匝道最小间距,必须确定匝道组合模式和计算匝道加减速车道长度,并计算出车流从匝道汇入主线后,由于车流变道而形成交织车流长度。由此建立了不同匝道组合模式下的匝道最小间距模型。应用实例表明。当匝道间距不能满足最小间距时,车速降低,服务水平下降。     

钢绞线网-复合砂浆加固钢筋混凝土梁的受弯性能

分析了钢绞线网-复合砂浆加固钢筋混凝土梁的荷载-挠度曲线,研究了加固层与本体梁界面的粘结机理。将钢筋混凝土梁的受力性能分为未裂阶段、裂缝阶段和破坏阶段,在平截面假定的基础上,建立了高强钢绞线网-复合砂浆加固梁的截面弯矩-跨中挠度分析模型。采用换算截面法对加固梁在集中荷载作用下的抗弯性能进行全过程受力分析,并通过10根加...     

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采用意向调查与行为模型分析相结合的方法,量化研究油价影响下我国居民的出行行为特征,识别典型响应行为,筛选显著影响因素,建立居民出行方式选择模型.结果表明,油价上涨将影响大部分潜在购车者的购车意向,改变其购车计划;油价对小汽车出行者的影响更加显著,减少用车频率、避免高峰出行、改变出行方式是私家车主应对油价上涨的最常用措施;以地铁为代表的公共交通是首选的替代出行方式,经济状况、家庭结构等在很大程度上决定了出行者对小汽车的依赖程度.通过燃油税对油价进行调节,将对我国城市交通结构的优化、交通状况的改善起到关键作用;建议在实施过程中,充分考虑油价对不同居民的影响特点,提高实施效果.该研究可为我国交通需求管理策略的制定提供参考.     

轨道交通乘客个性化出行路径规划算法

随着城市轨道交通网络的不断完善,可供乘客选择的轨道交通出行路径日益 增加,乘客出行路径决策愈加复杂.本文在分析轨道交通服务水平变量对不同属性乘客出 行路径选择行为影响的基础上,提出轨道交通乘客个性化出行路径规划算法.首先,基于 非集计理论构建针对不同类别乘客的路径选择模型,该模型综合考虑乘车时间、换乘时 间、换乘次数、车内拥挤度及个人属性等因素对乘客路径选择行为的影响.其次,基于不同 类别乘客的路径选择行为差异,构建考虑车内拥挤度变化的乘客个性化出行路径动态规 划算法,为不同属性乘客规划广义出行时间最小的路径.最后,基于广州地铁数据对算法 进行验证.结果表明,该算法针对乘客个人属性规划的最优出行路径,更加贴合乘客的出 行心理.     

基于奖罚措施的小汽车通勤者出行行为研究

奖赏和惩罚措施是解决交通拥堵问题的重要措施,本文基于在北京市的调查,进行 2 种措施下出行选择行为的探索研究,得出奖励措施会使更多的小汽车通勤者转向非高峰出 行,而收费措施对于使其放弃小汽车出行效果更好.基于前景理论的分析显示：奖励措施下,大 部分出行者的方式选择为“收益”;而收费措施下,大部分出行者面临“损失”,不同群体在出行 选择时呈现不同的风险偏好态度.在引导小汽车高峰出行向错峰出行转移时,奖励措施比较适 用于中等收入群体,收费措施比较适用于中高收入群体;在引导小汽车高峰出行向其他方式转 移时,2种措施对低收入群体效果更好.以上结论可为交通需求管理政策的制定提供一些参考.