特殊隧道围岩的分级方法探讨

为探讨黄土、膨胀土、断层破碎带等特殊隧道围岩的分级方法,通过对目前国内外的研究进行总结,得到能反应特殊隧道围岩的特性的指标,采取不同的指标组合进行综合研究对其进行分级。研究认为：黄土可按地质年代、天然含水量、干密度进行分级;膨胀土可按塑性指数、自由膨胀率、标准吸湿含水率进行分级;断层破碎带可按地质力学特性进行分级。     

基于AOK-TFR的轨道电路故障诊断方法

为弥补现有补偿电容检测方法在检测及时性和检测成本等方面的不足,基于传输线理论,提出了机车信号感应电压幅值包络(IVECS)仿真模型;在此基础上,分析了补偿电容故障对IVECS的影响规律,建立并验证了基于频率的IVECS等效回归模型;利用补偿电容故障位置前后IVECS的频率变化,提出了基于自适应最优核时-频分布的补偿电容故障诊断方法.该方法基于机车信号的实际数据,采用B样条离散二进小波对数据进行滤波降噪处理,并利用自适应最优核时-频分布提取处理结果的时-频信息,再通过检测时-频信息中频率的变化实现对故障电容的定位.经过对随机抽取的100段实际数据的测试,准确率约为92.58%,表明该方法能准确检测轨道电路发生故障的补偿电容位置.     

内河航道定级与船舶大型化发展

随着我国经济的进一步发展和可持续发展战略的实施,运能大、占地面积小、能耗低、污染少的内河航运必将发挥出更大的作用。此外,内河船舶标准化、大型化的发展趋势日趋明显,小吨位船舶的运能及经济性劣势迫使其快速 淘汰,不少地区早年的航道定级已然不适应内河航运的发展需求。若城市的开发建设按不合理的航道定级标准进行规划控制,将极大地限制内河航运的发展,并对船舶的航行构成重大安全隐患。结合实际情况,探讨长三角地区内河航道定级调整的若干设想,并提出相关建议。     

基于分类投资建设的铁路分类标准探讨

国发〔2013〕33号文提出对新建铁路实行分类投资建设,明确了具体放开的铁路类型,但缺乏具体判别标准。本文结合铁路项目公益性或经营性属性,在对既有铁路根据运输性质进行分类统计研究的基础上,从利于分类投资建设出发,对铁路划分类别及其标准进行初步探讨,重点量化了干、支线分类和经营性公益性分类,提出经营性公益性分类以经济评价作为主要指标,干、支线铁路以在路网中作用、运量、速度目标值、线路连接、线路长度等5个主要指标进行界定。     

Classification of Livebus arrivals user behavior

With the increasing use of Intelligent Transport Systems, large amounts of data are created. Innovative information services are introduced and new forms of data are available, which could be used to understand the behavior of travelers and the dynamics of people flows. This work analyzes the requests for real-time arrivals of bus routes at stops in London made by travelers using Transport for London's LiveBus Arrivals system. The available dataset consists of about one million requests for real-time arrivals for each of the 28 days under observation. These data are analyzed for different purposes. LiveBus Arrivals users are classified based on a set of features and using K-Means, Expectation Maximization, Logistic regression, One-level decision tree, Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machine (SVM) by Sequential Minimal Optimization (SMO). The results of the study indicate that the LiveBus Arrivals requests can be classified into six main behaviors. It was found that the classification-based approaches produce better results than the clustering-based ones. The most accurate results were obtained with the SVM-SMO methodology (Precision of 97%). Furthermore, the behavior within the six classes of users is analyzed to better understand how users take advantage of the LiveBus Arrivals service. It was found that the 37% of users can be classified as interchange users. This classification could form the basis of a more personalized LiveBus Arrivals application in future, which could support management and planning by revealing how public transport and related services are actually used or update information on commuters.     

Suspension system state estimation using adaptive Kalman filtering based on road classification

This paper provides a new method to solve the problem of suspension system state estimation using a Kalman Filter (KF) under various road conditions. Due to the fact that practical road conditions are complex and uncertain, the influence of the system process noise variance and measurement noise covariance on the estimation accuracy of the KF is first analysed. To accurately estimate the road condition, a new road classification method through the vertical acceleration of sprung mass is proposed, and different road process variances are obtained to tune the system’s variance for the application of the KF. Then, road classification and KF are combined to form an Adaptive Kalman Filter (AKF) that takes into account the relationship of different road process noise variances and measurement noise covariances under various road conditions. Simulation results show that the proposed AKF algorithm can obtain a high accuracy of state estimation for a suspension system under varying International Standards Organisation road excitation levels.     

Fault classification method for the driving safety of electrified vehicles

A fault classification method is proposed which has been applied to an electric vehicle. Potential faults in the different subsystems that can affect the vehicle directional stability were collected in a failure mode and effect analysis. Similar driveline faults were grouped together if they resembled each other with respect to their influence on the vehicle dynamic behaviour. The faults were physically modelled in a simulation environment before they were induced in a detailed vehicle model under normal driving conditions. A special focus was placed on faults in the driveline of electric vehicles employing in-wheel motors of the permanent magnet type. Several failures caused by mechanical and other faults were analysed as well. The fault classification method consists of a controllability ranking developed according to the functional safety standard ISO 26262. The controllability of a fault was determined with three parameters covering the influence of the longitudinal, lateral and yaw motion of the vehicle. The simulation results were analysed and the faults were classified according to their controllability using the proposed method. It was shown that the controllability decreased specifically with increasing lateral acceleration and increasing speed. The results for the electric driveline faults show that this trend cannot be generalised for all the faults, as the controllability deteriorated for some faults during manoeuvres with low lateral acceleration and low speed. The proposed method is generic and can be applied to various other types of road vehicles and faults.     

隧道数字化火灾预警系统的在线量化评估

为检查和评价隧道及地下空间火灾预警系统的实际功能,需要一套可行的在线评估手段。根据近年来国内外全尺寸隧道火灾发展曲线的试验结果,提出隧道火情的定义依据;引用运营隧道内准分布式光纤光栅感温火灾探测器的实测数据,证明运营中隧道报警系统的个性化现象;提出合格的数字化报警系统应存在一个在统计学意义上使漏报率和误报率同时达到期望值的合理阈值取值区间;建议以该区间的尺度作为该系统功能完好性的评估指标;对日常隧道运行温度数据的统计分析可估计合理阈值取值区间的下限,对规定条件下的现场点火试验温度数据分析可估计合理阈值取值区间的上限。在隧道运营期该区间尺度可实时在线自动更新。     

高分辨率罗兰C天波延迟估计新技术

提出了一种基于特征分解的多信号分类算法估计罗兰C接收机天波延迟的信号处理新技术。它为接收机基准点的实时设置提供了一种新方法。常规接收机为了防止天波干扰，将基准点设置在一个固定位置上，导致基准点处信噪比受包络限制而较低，从而大大增加了对准基准点的时间。利用这项技术，我们在低信噪比条件下分离出了地波和天波的到达时刻。这就使得接收机能根据天波延迟变化实时选择基准点最佳位置，并能利用地波到达时刻进行周期选择。由于此法有助于增加基准点处的信噪比，减少对准基准点的时间，因而能极大地提高现有罗兰C接收机的性能。还显示了新方法较IFFF方法有更高的分辨率。     

船用微机监测系统的故障诊断与排除

由于船用微机监测系统工作条件的特殊性,系统运行过程中经常出现故障。文章根据监测系统的组成及工作特点,论述了监测系统的故障分类,讨论了分析故障的一般方法,并分析监测系统常见故障的原因及对策。