Optimal subwork zone operational strategy for short‐term work zone projects in four‐lane two‐way freeways

Roadside trees in Singapore are regularly trimmed for the purpose of traffic safety and roadside tree‐trimming project is one typical type of short‐term work zone projects. To implement such a short‐term work zone project, contractors usually divide an entire work zone into multiple subwork zones with the uniform length. This paper aims to determine an optimal subwork zone strategy for the short‐term work zone projects in four‐lane two‐way freeways with time window and uniform subwork zone length constraints. The deterministic queuing model is employed to estimate total user delay caused by the work zone project by taking into account variable traffic speeds. Based on the user delay estimations, this paper proceeds to build a minimization model subject to time window and uniform length constraints for the optimal subwork zone strategy problem. This paper also presents a variation of the minimization model to examine the impact of unequal subwork zone length constraint. Since these minimization models belong to the mixed‐integer non‐differentiable optimization problems, an iterative algorithm embedding with the genetic simulated annealing method is thus proposed to solve these models. Finally, a numerical example is carried out to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed models. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

青藏铁路冻土路基路堤、路堑过渡带试验研究

根据青藏铁路北麓河试验段路堤、路堑过渡带近5年来的地温和变形监测资料,分析挖方段、零填段及填方段的冻土上限变化和路基变形特性。研究结果表明:挖方段,2002和2004年的多年冻土人为上限均为1.6 m,相对原天然上限下降量为0.5 m,但在2005年冻土上限有所回升,其变形主要表现为路基换填土层的固结变形;零填段,冻土上限上升量较大,2005年上升量达2.5 m,其变形主要来自活动层的压密变形;填方段,冻土上限有所上升,2005年上升量为0.7 m,其变形主要为天然上限以下冻土层的压缩及蠕变变形;到2005年12月,此过渡带路基均没有发生融沉变形,路基热稳定性好;从总沉降变形量来看,路堤断面变形量最大,零填断面变形量次之,路堑断面变形量最小,2004年11月后,总变形已基本趋于稳定。路基纵向变形比率最大为1.3∶1 000,小于线路设计坡度的3∶1 000,路基纵向沉降变形比较均匀,路面平顺性较好,能满足列车安全行驶的要求。     

UASB-SBR工艺处理淀粉废水的试验研究

介绍升流式厌氧污泥床反应器 (UASB) 序批式活性污泥法 (SBR)处理淀粉废水的工艺 ,叙述该类废水的特点、试验系统组成、UASB的启动至污泥颗粒化的过程以及处理效果。试验结果表明 ,该处理系统具有耐冲击负荷 ,处理效果稳定 ,运行管理简单 ,运行成本低等特点。废水经颗粒化UASB稳定处理后 ,出水COD可降到 5 0 0mg/L以下 ,然后经SBR稳定处理后 ,出水COD可降到 10 0mg/L以下     

隧道火灾中火区阻力的理论研究

根据热流体学和通风学理论,对火区阻力的计算方法及影响因素进行研究。首先在修正的热阻力概念基础上建立热阻力的表达式,然后推导绕流阻力与火灾规模和风速的关系式,最终建立比较严谨的火区阻力实用公式,并得到数值模拟的验证。该式表明:在简化的物理模型中火区阻力与火灾规模成线性关系,与风速存在二次曲线关系;在风速不影响热释放速率的条件下,火区附加通风阻力与风速成正比,但对货车引起的隧道火灾,附加通风阻力与风速近似存在二次曲线关系。研究成果为火灾通风网络解算和防排烟方案的制定提供参考。     

斜拉桥耳板式索梁锚固结构的空间分析

利用有限元分析软件,建立深圳湾公路大桥索梁锚固区仿真模型,进行耳板式锚固结构的接触应力分析,研究主梁顶板、腹板、横隔板以及锚固区耳板上的应力分布情况。结果表明:锚固区Mises应力极值出现在耳板销孔两侧,大致关于斜拉索对称;锚固区各构件应力在局部区域数值较大,但扩散较快,应力传递流畅;索梁锚固结构承载能力满足要求。建议耳板式索梁锚固结构的耳板材料采用高强度钢材,且应对销孔周围进行局部加强。     

改善设备使用条件 确保调车作业安全

介绍了铁路无线平面调车设备的特点,指出了日常使用中常出现的几种故障现象,提出了相应的解决办法。     

Future aspects in marine ecosystem modelling

Existing ecosystem models are briefly presented and summarised. The problem of coupling physical and biological models as well as aspects of prediction and predictability are discussed. The general perception that marine ecosystems are inherently unpredictable due to non-linearity becomes questionable if the response of climate variability in marine ecosystems is analysed. Many authors have shown correlations between climate variability and the variability of abundance or biomass of marine organisms such as phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthos or fish recruitment in different parts of the world ocean. In the northern hemisphere, certain species show a linear response to climate variability mainly during winter and spring. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Often, a phase lag can be observed between climate variability and the reaction of organisms. The identification of a plausible mediator between climate and biology is difficult, since all possible physicochemical mechanisms having a direct or indirect influence on the variability of abundance or biomass of marine organisms have to be considered as mediator.The understanding of the reason of the phase lag, which possibly implies a “biological memory”, and the identification of all possible mediators are necessary to predict the response of marine organisms to climate variability. The identification of mediators will result in an improvement of coupled models, a deeper understanding of physical–biological interaction and the improvement of predictive capability of marine ecosystem models.     

未来世界经济的发动机:中国-东盟自由贸易区

根据中国经济的巨大影响力以及与东盟在世界经济体系中所产生的重要作用，就主权、互利性存在的差异、摩擦和矛盾等进行分析。并就贸易增长、贸易结构进一步合理化等加以阐述。     

杭州湾跨海大桥北航道桥钢锚箱施工技术

杭州湾跨海大桥北航道桥为双塔双索面钢箱梁斜拉桥，主塔斜拉索锚固区采用钢锚箱，主要介绍北航道桥钢锚箱施工技术。     

基于S变换的汽车零部件疲劳载荷谱编辑法研究

小波变换和短时傅里叶变换为频域载荷谱编辑方法的主要分析工具,小波变换法分解函数及分解层数难确定和短时傅里叶变换法窗宽固定的缺陷,导致对随机载荷的分析结果存在偏差,影响载荷编辑质量。为解决此问题,基于S变换基本理论,探索S变换在载荷加速编辑领域的应用,对试验场采集的应变信号进行S变换分析提取最大幅值谱,并以此为依据提取轮心六分力信号中的损伤载荷获取加速谱。将S变换、损伤保留、小波变换和短时傅里叶变换加速谱从载荷压缩量、损伤保留比例、功率谱密度、统计参数、穿级计数和疲劳仿真等方面进行对比分析。研究结果表明：基于S变换最大幅值谱可准确识别原始信号中的小损伤载荷;保留相同损伤保留量前提下,S变换加速谱的压缩效率最高且统计参数误差最小;S变换编辑法可将原始载荷时间压缩46.67%,同时加速谱的疲劳分析误差仅为2.2%,可获得与原始载荷相同的分析结果;S变换编辑法在疲劳分析效率和分析精度方面优于损伤保留、小波变换和短时傅里叶变换编辑法;该方法适用于汽车零部件疲劳耐久性分析。