半幅高架与环形匝道组合互通式立交桥设计

小西湖立交改造工程为我国Ⅷ度以上高震区较大规模的互通式立交,桥梁面积26 512.7 m2,桥梁上部结构及下部结构类型较多,环形匝道采用平曲线最低指标,最小半径仅15m,主线共布置了16种桥墩类型,匝道布置了6种类型桥墩。该文重点介绍该立交改造工程的方案设计思路、技术难度、结构与构造形式及受力状况,可为同类立交桥设计提供借鉴。     

三塔斜拉桥索塔锚固区节段足尺模型试验

为研究三塔斜拉桥索塔锚固区的局部受力特性,以2×616 m的三塔组合梁斜拉桥为研究对象,运用ANSYS的APDL语言建立了索塔锚固区的梁-实-接触参数化有限元模型。对不同高度模型的数值结果进行了对比分析,确定出合理的试验模型高度。在此基础上,选取索塔锚固区有代表性的节段进行了足尺模型试验,并对试验的测试内容、测试步骤和试验方法进行了详细阐述。研究结果表明:短边、长边预应力钢筋的预应力损失分别占张拉力的15.3%、10.4%;实测值与计算值基本吻合,锚固区有足够的压应力储备;在正常使用状态下,与现有双塔斜拉桥索塔锚固区模型相比,试验模型其顺桥向测点变形最小少1.6倍、最大少4.03倍。     

地震反射波法在锦州凌水湾大桥工程地质勘察中的应用

以锦州凌水湾大桥工程地质勘察项目为例,简要介绍应用地震反射波法进行潮间带野外工程地质勘察的工作原理、仪器设备选择、观测系统设计和观测方法等,以及探测资料解释、处理和综合分析的成果,可供类似潮间带浅水区工程地质勘察项目参考。     

改进的未确知理论方法及其在可靠性分析中的应用

针对样本数据跳跃度较大的情况,利用灰色系统理论中的级比平滑检验,对相邻数据级比因子进行了分析.通过引入Sturges拇指规则对样本数据进行分组,有效避免了传统可靠性数据处理中的盲目性和试探性.根据已有的有限数据,在MATLAB中作Smoothing Spline拟合,通过选取合适的邻域半径θ来控制最终的计算结果,提高了对变异数据的抗干扰能力,可以很好的解决数据稳定性问题.最后建立了装备部件经验可靠度曲线及概率密度函数,实例计算结果显示,与直接取算术平均值之间的误差为48.1％,体现了该方法在数据处理方面的优势,在工程实际中具有较强的领域通用性和有效性.     

Optimal subwork zone operational strategy for short‐term work zone projects in four‐lane two‐way freeways

Roadside trees in Singapore are regularly trimmed for the purpose of traffic safety and roadside tree‐trimming project is one typical type of short‐term work zone projects. To implement such a short‐term work zone project, contractors usually divide an entire work zone into multiple subwork zones with the uniform length. This paper aims to determine an optimal subwork zone strategy for the short‐term work zone projects in four‐lane two‐way freeways with time window and uniform subwork zone length constraints. The deterministic queuing model is employed to estimate total user delay caused by the work zone project by taking into account variable traffic speeds. Based on the user delay estimations, this paper proceeds to build a minimization model subject to time window and uniform length constraints for the optimal subwork zone strategy problem. This paper also presents a variation of the minimization model to examine the impact of unequal subwork zone length constraint. Since these minimization models belong to the mixed‐integer non‐differentiable optimization problems, an iterative algorithm embedding with the genetic simulated annealing method is thus proposed to solve these models. Finally, a numerical example is carried out to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed models. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于灰色理论的船舶避碰行动评价

分析灰色评价方法的优越性,并建立避碰行动评价相关数学模型和评价指标体系,最终阐述了基于多层次灰色综合评价理论进行避碰行动评价步骤.该方法具有一定的有效性和实用性.     

组合预测模型在铁路货运量预测中的应用

货运量预测是铁路运输规划的基础,单一预测方法很难准确有效地进行运量预测。探讨组合模型在铁路货运量预测中的应用,以全铁路货运量及社会经济发展状况为样本,对未来铁路货运量进行预测。实证预测结果表明：组合预测模型能有效综合各模型的有用信息,从而提高模型预测精度,与单一模型相比,该方法具有较好的实用价值。     

基于灰色关联分析的微表处水稳定性能研究

微表处湿轮磨耗试验是评价微表处混合料抗水损害性能的主要技术指标,文中采用灰色关联分析法分析了不同油石比条件下微表处混合料的砂当量、亚甲蓝值、比表面积SA及粉胶比FB与微表处混合料湿轮磨耗值的相关联程度.结果表明,在较低油石比状况下对微表处湿轮磨耗试验中60 min水稳定性影响最大的因素是合成矿料的比表面积SA与亚甲蓝值,在较高油石比时最大的影响因素是合成矿料的比表面积SA.     

Integrating visual management into the coastal zone planning process: The Massachusetts experience

Abstract

This paper concerns the limitations on integrating visual management into the coastal zone planning process as exemplified by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, a state with a strong tradition of “home rule”; and a CZM implementation program based on a “networking”; of existing state authorities. The implications of the Massachusetts experience are that: (a) management of esthetic resources at the state level continues to be much less of a priority than management of ecological resources such as wetlands or floodplains; (b) visual management has yet to engender a strongly supportive constituency beyond that concerned with historic preservation; (c) project review focusing on visual impacts may be a more appropriate activity for local rather than state government; and (d) the technical aspects of visual management or impact assessment are far more advanced than their political acceptability. Political realities, together with the decision that implementation of the program should be based on a networking of existing authorities, thus determined the degree to which visual management could be incorporated into the state's program. As a result, the program's principal instruments of visual management became a strengthening of existing programs such as Wild and Scenic Rivers, reliance on wetland protection statutes to indirectly protect natural scenic values, and the use of the federal consistency provisions of the Coastal Zone Management Act to foster focused growth patterns through provision of publicly funded infrastructures. Esthetically oriented project review, with the exception of potential impacts on historic sites, was left to the discretion of local government, and a technical assistance program was created to provide funding or professional skills to communities interested in developing their own esthetic controls or design review processes. Maine, Rhode Island, and other New England states have followed a similar course.