船舶油耗远程监管系统的设计

基于STM32嵌入式和传感测量技术,将船舶的航行参数、主机基本运行参数和船舶各大动力装置的燃油消耗数据进行集中采集并传给岸端的数据管理服务中心,采用WAMP开发了一套基于WEB具有良好人机界面的,B/S架构的船舶油耗数据中心管理系统,实现了更加直观的船舶远程动态监管,也能为船东高效的解决船舶油耗数据分析统计等一系列问题。     

Valorization of carbon dioxide by conversion into fuel using renewable energy in Algeria

Reducing the emissions of the main anthropogenic greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO₂), is one of the major challenges of this century. A partial solution to these environmental problems could be the capture and the conversion of carbon dioxide. The main objective of the present work is to study the opportunities and prospects of recycling carbon dioxide to produce synthetic fuel, particularly methanol, which is a complementary technology to carbon capture and storage (CCS). This methanol will be produced by using several renewable energies, such as solar, wind and geothermal, for the purpose of using it in the transportation sector in Algeria. In 2013, Algeria’s total amount of CO₂ emissions (created by energy consumption) was 143 million tonnes. It is estimated that 44.4 million tonnes of CO₂ can be captured from the exhaust of stationary units (factories and power stations) and converted to methanol every year. By adopting this process, approximately 32 million tonnes of methanol can be produced with an energy value of 580,000 TJ. The methanol produced from CO₂ can be used as an alternative transportation fuel. For this reason, the Geographical Information System (GIS) is used to present the spatial distribution of the methanol demand in short and long terms, based on market penetration rates, vehicle fleet and population data. An analysis of the energy balance, environment and economics of CO₂ recycling process is presented. In terms of environmental performance, the reduction in carbon dioxide emissions that come from the transport sector was remarkable in 2045.     

Improving airline fuel efficiency via fuel burn prediction and uncertainty estimation

Reducing fuel consumption is a unifying goal across the aviation industry. One fuel-saving opportunity for airlines is the possibility of reducing discretionary fuel loading by dispatchers. In this study, we propose a novel discretionary fuel estimation approach that can assist dispatchers with better discretionary fuel loading decisions. Based on the analysis on our study airline, our approach is found to substantially reduce unnecessary discretionary fuel loading while maintaining the same safety level compared to the current fuel loading practice. The idea is that by providing dispatchers with more accurate information and better recommendations derived from flight records, unnecessary fuel loading and corresponding cost-to-carry could both be reduced. We apply ensemble learning techniques to improve fuel burn prediction and construct prediction intervals (PIs) to capture the uncertainty of model predictions. The upper bound of a PI can then be used for discretionary fuel loading. The potential benefit of this approach is estimated to be $61.5 million in fuel savings and 428 million kg of CO₂ reduction per year for our study airline. This study also builds a link between discretionary fuel estimation and aviation system predictability in which the proposed models can also be used to predict benefits from reduced fuel loading enabled by improved Air Traffic Management (ATM) targeting on improved system predictability.     

The use of hydrogen as a fuel for inland waterway units

Escalating apprehension about the harmful effects of widespread use of conventional fossil fuels in the marine field and in internal combustion engines in general, has led to a vast amount of efforts and the directing of large capital investment towards research and development of sustainable alternative energy sources. One of the most promising and abundant of these sources is hydrogen. Firstly, the use of current fossil fuels is. discussed focusing on the emissions and economic sides to emphasize the need for a new, cleaner and renewable fuel with particular reference to hydrogen as a suitable possible alternative. Hydrogen properties, production and storage methods are then reviewed along with its suitability from the economical point of view. Finally, a cost analysis for the use of hydrogen in internal combustion engines is carried out to illustrate the benefits of its use as a replacement for diesel. The outcome of this cost analysis shows that 98% of the capital expenditure is consumed by the equipment, and 68.3% of the total cost of the equipment is spent on the solar photovoltaic cells. The hydrogen plant is classified as a large investment project because of its high initial cost which is about 1 billion US$; but this is justified because hydrogen is produced in a totally green way. When hydrogen is used as a fuel, no harmful emissions are obtained.     

Fuel cycle emissions and life cycle costs of alternative fuel vehicle policy options for the City of Houston municipal fleet

Municipal fleet vehicle purchase decisions provide a direct opportunity for cities to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) and air pollutants. However, cities typically lack comprehensive data on total life cycle impacts of various conventional and alternative fueled vehicles (AFV) considered for fleet purchase. The City of Houston, Texas, has been a leader in incorporating hybrid electric (HEV), plug-in hybrid electric (PHEV), and battery electric (BEV) vehicles into its fleet, but has yet to adopt any natural gas-powered light-duty vehicles. The City is considering additional AFV purchases but lacks systematic analysis of emissions and costs. Using City of Houston data, we calculate total fuel cycle GHG and air pollutant emissions of additional conventional gasoline vehicles, HEVs, PHEVs, BEVs, and compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles to the City's fleet. Analyses are conducted with the Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation (GREET) model. Levelized cost per kilometer is calculated for each vehicle option, incorporating initial purchase price minus residual value, plus fuel and maintenance costs. Results show that HEVs can achieve 36% lower GHG emissions with a levelized cost nearly equal to a conventional sedan. BEVs and PHEVs provide further emissions reductions, but at levelized costs 32% and 50% higher than HEVs, respectively. CNG sedans and trucks provide 11% emissions reductions, but at 25% and 63% higher levelized costs, respectively. While the results presented here are specific to conditions and vehicle options currently faced by one city, the methods deployed here are broadly applicable to informing fleet purchase decisions.     

瓦锡兰最新型船用低速电控柴油机RT-flex35（W-X35）的性能与应用

介绍瓦锡兰最新型船用低速电控柴油RT-flex35（W-X35） UNIC系统的控制原理及工作过程,以及与传统的RTA柴油机相比,其主要技术性能指标的优势.概述降低NOx排放的各种措施,以及优化RT-flex35（W-X35）柴油机各项性能指标后,使之更加高效可靠、经济及低排放运行.     

船舶燃油舱加热系统优化设计

针对由于传统蒸汽盘管加热燃油舱存在散热损失大、盘管破损修复困难且表面易积炭等缺点,设计一种燃油转驳加热系统,即通过被驳回的热油来混合加热油舱中适量的冷油,从而达到加热燃油的目的。计算结果表明使用燃油转驳加热系统可以降低能源消耗和节约成本。     

Excess Commuting: A Critical Review

Abstract

The stringent ship emission regulations under IMO's (International Maritime Organization) MARPOL Annex VI are a main driver to consider liquefied natural gas (LNG) as a ship fuel. Research into LNG as a marine fuel saw a strong growth in recent years, but no study has analyzed in a systematic way the level of convergence among the findings presented in the wide range of studies. In order to fill this gap, this paper seeks to perform a systematic review to synthesize the findings of 33 published studies on the use of LNG as a ship fuel. The aim is not only to obtain a much broader understanding of the current perspectives and challenges for applying LNG as a bunker for ship propulsion, but also to identify the gaps and weak points in the literature which could suggest future research. Moreover, given the output of the synthesis, the paper presents an extensive decision-making framework for shipowners when deciding on a fuel switch for their fleet from conventional oils to LNG in order to achieve a level of conceptual development beyond that attained in individual studies. In addition, the study also identifies the important role of ports in facilitating and encouraging the large-scale adoption of LNG in the maritime industry.     

车辆等速路试基准状态油耗校正方法分析

为保证车辆等速路试燃料消耗量检测和评价的统一性,应将车辆路试负荷和发动机负荷都校正在标准环境状态下进行燃料消耗量检测和评价.鉴于此,介绍了四种校正方法,并推导四种校正方法的公式.建议不同标准统一采用第四种校正方法,因为该方法不仅会对路试负荷进行校正,也会对发动机克服路试负荷和附件负荷的功率进行校正,同时还分析了前三种方法相对第四种方法的误差.     

3600 TEU集装箱船节能改装项目的初步研究

伴随着气候问题、油价高企以及航运市场低迷的严峻形势,节能减排已成为船舶设计的重要理念,尤其是对于营运船舶的节能改装受到越来越多船东的关注.以改装现有的3 600 TEU集装箱船为例,采取降低主机功率转速、安装节能装置、优化球首线型和采用低阻油漆等方法,可取得显著节能效果.同时该研究尽可能采用高效低成本的方案,以降低改装成本,缩短成本回收周期,从而可以为船东、船厂带来最大化的收益.