砂性土层主动土压力计算薄层单元法

采用薄层单元法研究挡土墙后为砂土填土情况下的主动土压力计算方法，推导出了具体计算公式。建立了优化计算数学模型，并采用复合形优化算法求解。实例结果表明计算值与实测值吻合。     

Initial results from long-term measurements of atmospheric humidity and related parameters in the marine boundary layer at two locations in the Gulf of Mexico

Measurements of boundary layer moisture have been acquired from Rotronic MP-100 sensors deployed on two NDBC buoys in the northern Gulf of Mexico from June through November 1993. For one sensor, which was retrieved approximately 8 months after deployment, the post- and precalibrations agreed closely and fell well within WMO specifications for accuracy. The second sensor operated continuously from June 1993 to February 1997 (3.5 years). Buoy observations of relative humidity and supporting data were used to calculate specific humidity and the surface fluxes of latent and sensible heat. Specific humidities from the buoys were compared with observations of moisture obtained from nearby ship reports, and the correlations were generally high (0.7–0.9). Surface gravity wave spectra were also acquired. The time series of specific humidity and the other buoy parameters revealed three primary scales of variability, small (h), synoptic (days), and seasonal (months). The synoptic variability was clearly dominant and occurred primarily during September, October, and November. Most of the synoptic variability was due to frontal systems that dropped down into the Gulf of Mexico from the continental US followed by air masses which were cold and dry. Cross-correlation analyses of the buoy data indicated that: (1) the moisture field was highly coherent over distances of 800 km or more in the northern Gulf of Mexico; and (2) both specific humidity and air temperature served as tracers of the motion associated with propagating atmospheric disturbances. These correlation analyses also revealed that the prevailing weather systems generally entered the buoy domain from the South prior to September, but primarily from the North thereafter. Spectra of the various buoy parameters indicated strong diurnal and semidiurnal variability for barometric pressure and sea surface temperature (SST) and lesser variability for air temperature, wind speed and significant wave height. The surface fluxes of latent and sensible heat were dominated by the synoptic events which took place from September through November with the transfer of latent heat being primarily from the ocean to the atmosphere. Finally, an analysis of the surface wave observations from each buoy, which included calculations of wave age and estimates of surface roughness, indicate that major heat and moisture flux events coincide with periods of active wave growth, although the data were insufficient to identify any causal relationships.     

桥面铺装防水粘结层材料类型的选择

文章针对沥青混凝土桥面铺装结构的防水粘结层性能受到桥梁类型、荷载条件和工作环境等因素影响而难于选择的问题,对各类桥面铺装防水粘结层的使用条件和结构性能进行了研究,分析了各种结构性胶黏剂的物理性质和化学性质及工艺条件,据此制定了桥面铺装防水粘结材料的选择依据,并提出了一种性能较好的粘结剂典型配方。     

钢筋混凝土箱形拱桥现浇施工方案比较

钢筋混凝土箱型拱桥在无支墩拱式拱架上现浇施工时,若跨度较大,拱圈一般采用分环分段的施工方法。采用该方法施工时,先期形成的混凝土拱环与拱架的横向联合作用明显。通过两种分环方案的对比分析发现,不同的分环方案横向联合作用强度也有所差别。采用一个最优分环方案,可以利用已形成的拱环与拱架在横向的。联合作用,增加横向刚度,有利于提高施工过程中的横向稳定性。     

有软弱下卧层时确定天然地基上基础底面积的简便方法

在进行天然地基上浅基础的设计时,必须验算地基承载力.如果存在软弱下卧层,还必须进行软弱下卧层承载力验算.     

保温新材料新工艺介绍

文章就国家专利产品复合花纹铝板、三防保温被两种保温新材料新工艺产品进行介绍。说明了这些新材料新工艺在海上采油平台和船舶行业的应用。     

空间不均匀湍流边界层激励下声呐腔自噪声统计能量分析

利用统计能量分析法建立了湍流边界层激励下水下航行器声呐腔自噪声水动力分量的计算模型。采用一种新的回转体模型模拟声呐罩，重点讨论空间分布不均匀的湍流边界层对声呐罩的输入功率的计算及统计能量分析参数的确定，利用Fluent软件计算边界层的分离点及一些重要参数。最后给出了一具体的算例。可作为空间不均匀湍流边界层激励下声呐腔自噪声的工程估算的参考。     

含盐量及含水量对氯盐盐渍土抗剪强度参数的影响

盐渍土作为一类特殊的工程地质体,其抗剪强度受环境因素的影响是复杂的。通过室内试验,分析不同含盐量和含水量条件下氯盐盐渍土抗剪强度的变化规律,研究含盐量、含水量对盐渍土抗剪强度的影响机理。研究表明:在含水量达到一定量时,随着CaCl2含量的增加,氯盐盐渍土的抗剪强度参数值是先减小后增大,达到最小值时的土体临界含盐量为10.36%;在含盐量一定的情况下含水量从8%增到10%时,抗剪强度参数值减小幅度比较大,而从10%增到15.56%时,抗剪强度参数值减小幅度明显变小;土中易溶盐相态的变化,从土颗粒间溶液的离子浓度和土体骨架作用两方面影响盐渍土的抗剪强度;当含盐量一定时,随着含水量的增大,土粒间离子的浓度逐渐减小,使得扩散层厚度增大,粘结力减小。     

船舶玻璃窗采用弹性粘接的强度近似分析与设计探讨

弹性粘接是一项较新的技术，与传统方法相比，具有较多优点。其中最显著的优点是接头具有弹性，避免应力集中，并且整个粘接面都参与接头强度的形成，因此可以简单通过增大粘接面面积来传递更大的力。该技术用于汽车玻璃窗的粘接已经有20多年的历史，但在国内造船行业应用很少。通过分析船舶玻璃窗的受力状况和采用弹性粘接时粘接层的应力状况，介绍了粘接层强度近似分析方法，并且探讨了粘接层尺寸设计原则，说明船舶玻璃窗采用粘接剂粘接是安全可靠的。     

顶推船队联结力试验研究

对推船与驳船之间的系结力进行模型试验,测量不同航速、不同浪向角对应的驳船和推轮联结处的纵向力、横向力和垂向力,将试验结果换算到实船,供顶推船设计参考。