The “Mirror Flags”: Ship registration in globalised ship breaking industry

The incorporation of new international regulations is a rational way to avoid the use of substandard Asian ship-breaking yards. However, more restrictive regulations and agreements could lead to increase the proliferation of the use of third countries in connection with ship recycling industry. The new Open Registries provides ship-owners with legal loopholes in order to avoid strict national legislations and international rules, thus the “genuine link” disappears and the ship-owner’s responsibilities relax. Ship-breaking industry is a complex interconnected system with many important key actors, such as shipping companies, ship-owners, ship registries, brokers, and ship-breaking yards, all of which are discussed in this paper under the vision of a new global ship recycling policy, and focusing in those cases when a ship changes its flag state registration just before scrapping. This paper analyses the most common flags selected in order to send ships for scrapping. Empirical investigation to determine the relation between States and ship-breaking industry has been carried out using the multivariate statistic technic known as “Simple correspondence analysis”. The results show a relation between ship registry selection and ships that are about to end their lives, re-flagging solely for the purpose of scrapping. If we observe the evolution of the different flag states at the end of the ship’s life, we find incremented use of new open registers or “Mirror Flags”. General abuse of new registries in ship-breaking industry would lead to a ship-breaking industry without rules or transparent procedures, which could violate labour and environmental standards.     

艏艉破冰模式极地船冰区划分及冰载荷弯矩剪力对总纵强度的影响

对于首尾破冰模式的极地船舶,规范中并没有详细给出其冰带划分的方法,仅仅提到尾部破冰参考艏部破冰区域划分,但由于船体尾部线型和艏部线型差距较大,故并不能很好的适用,本论文以一艘PC4级110kt极地原油船为例,就此针对尾破冰模式进行冰区带划分。 另外冰载荷产生的弯矩剪力对船体总体强度的影响也在本文中论述。     

获取车辆制动力矩的一种新的数字信号处理方法

车辆的制动力矩是研究车辆制动性能和进行制动过程分析的重要参数,本文基于车辆速度信号,提出了一种采用“一阶FIR滤波器”最优设计信号处理,获取车辆制动力矩的新方法,并通过实验验证了此方法的准确性。     

An idealized model of interaction between fronds of the large seaweed Durvillaea antarctica

The effect of interactions between individual fronds in a bed of the large intertidal seaweed Durvillaea antarctica, when forced by breaking waves, is studied using a computational model. The model simulates the response of a seaweed bed using a sequence of connected oscillators which are excited by a propagating forcing function representing a breaking ocean wave. Two new facets of the interplay between seaweeds and hydrodynamics are considered: (i) wave forcing due to breaking waves is often not sinusoidal in the rocky intertidal zone and (ii) a frond interaction term is included. The addition of frond interaction reduces the maximum loading on individuals within the bed by around 30% using estimated biomechanical parameters. The rate of change of the loading on the holdfast (equivalent to the “jerk”) is affected in a similar or greater fashion.     

ZGMn13钻削刀具断屑排屑实验研究

针对ZGMn13刀具钻削过程中断屑、排屑困难的问题,从刀片材料、刀片结构、刀片与刀杆连接方式三个方面进行了改进.通过实验验证,改进后的刀具在加工中不仅断屑、排屑效果理想,而且较旧刀具使用寿命提高了34.7％,能降低生产成本,得到了良好的优化效果.     

全尺度TBM滚刀线性切削花岗岩试验研究

为了研究滚刀刃宽、刀间距和贯入度等关键参数对滚刀破岩过程的影响规律,基于全尺度线性切削试验平台,使用CCS型盘形滚刀开展了不同参数条件下的花岗岩切削试验。使用13 mm和17 mm 2种刃宽的滚刀,在60、65、70、75、80 mm刀间距和0.5、1.0、2.0、3.0、3.5、4.0、4.5、5.0、6.0 mm贯入度条件下,直线切削单轴抗压强度约140 MPa的岩石,获取破岩法向力、滚动力等载荷数据,并计算各次切削试验的破岩比能。研究结果表明： 1）平均法向力和滚动力随刃宽、贯入度和刀间距的增大而增大,但增长速率有所不同; 2）刃宽和贯入度对平均破岩载荷的影响程度明显强于刀间距; 3）刃宽对平均法向力的影响程度强于对平均滚动力的影响程度; 4）对不同的刃宽和刀间距,破岩比能总体上随贯入度的增大先减小后增大,而刃宽的增大会引起破岩比能的增大。     

岛礁陡坡地形上波浪破碎试验研究

通过波浪水槽系列模型试验对岛礁地形上的波浪破碎位置进行试验研究。试验中将岛礁地形概化为向海陡坡与水平平台相连接的模型,研究3种陡坡(1∶1. 5、1∶3和1∶5)、3种相对水深(0. 1、0. 17和0. 24)下的波浪破碎位置。结果表明,波浪相对破碎位置与Irribarren数、礁坪相对水深以及前坡坡度有关,且随Irribarren数和相对水深的增大而向岸侧移动,随坡度的变陡而向海侧移动。同时,也给出了波浪破碎位置计算方法。     

隧道掘进机技术的发展和研究现状

通过对隧道掘进机的分类、隧道掘进机技术的研究现状以及隧道掘进机技术研究和发展趋势的调研和探讨,提出： 1）根据掘进岩土体强度的不同,隧道掘进机大致可以分为岩石隧道掘进机和盾构; 2）目前岩石隧道掘进机的研究热点问题主要包括滚刀破岩机制和施工预测模型的建立2个方面,而盾构主要研究内容集中在掌子面稳定、施工过程控制和地表沉降研究3个方面,虽然这些研究都取得了较大进展,并且部分已经有效地应用到实际工程建设中,但解决得不够透彻,还有待于进一步研究; 3）隧道掘进机技术的研究发展趋势将集中在掘进力学机制的完善、复杂地质条件下掘进机制与施工过程控制研究和复合掘进机技术的发展等方面,这些会给隧道掘进机技术的研究和发展带来挑战和契机。     

基于最大化能量回收策略的再生制动系统分析

阐述再生制动的基本原理;通过典型的再生制动系统结构,说明再生制动与液压制动解耦原理,以及实现最大化能量回收的控制策略。