对铁路客站概算编制几个问题的探讨

铁路站房一般具有跨度大、空间大、荷载重等特点,他不同于一般的工业与民用建筑,在编制概预算时如果直接套用地方定额,会存在一定的不合理性.此文从站房基坑土方开挖、大体积混凝土支撑系统、大型钢结构安装工程、建筑装修支撑体系等方面,分析对编制项目概算的影响.通过分析与对比,提出采用地方定额的建议,以供在今后编制站房概算中借鉴.     

采用初步设计文件施工招投标的工程概算清理有关问题的思考

采用初步设计文件进行施工招投标的铁路建设项目,目前大部分正处于概算清理阶段。概算清理是针对采用初步设计文件进行施工招投标特别增加的一项投资管理措施,他涉及到施工图投资检算、变更设计、征地拆迁及价差调整、其他政策性费用调整等,政策性强、工作量大。此文针对施工总价承包招标文件范本的有关条款,就概算清理原则、施工图投资检算的编制、价差调整等进行论述与分析,并提出建议与计算方法,为实际工程概算清理提供借鉴。     

关于“走出去”铁路建设项目概预算编制的几点心得

结合我国铁路＂走出去＂项目概预算编制工作,阐述编制我国周边国家铁路建设项目概预算时应注意坚持的几点原则。＂走出去＂项目概预算编制应注意的问题为,先将其视为国内项目编制概预算,再进行国外人工费调整,以及材料费（直发料、厂发料、当地料、燃油料）、运价、取费调查,在掌握基础资料的基础上,通过对工料机资料的综合分析,合理确定综合单价、取费标准等,使编制的投资概算全面、科学、合理,真实反映项目的造价水平。     

勘察设计企业全面预算管理探讨

全面预算是企业提升管理水平的重要工具,建立与完善科学的全面预算管理体系,是企业经营目标得以实现的重要环节。基于上述认识,作者以某勘察设计企业(以下简称某企业)为例,通过对其全面预算管理现状分析,结合国内外先进的预算管理理论和思想,通过健全全面预算管理组织机构,完善制度建设,确立科学合理的预算目标,引进信息化管理手段,完善全面预算管理监督控制与考核机制等,对其全面预算管理工作进行了全面优化。     

Identifying preferences for public transport investments under a constrained budget

As urban areas face increasing demands for new transport infrastructure to promote a sustainable future with an increasing reality of constrained government budgets, the debate on whether we should focus on rail or bus-based investments continues unabated in many jurisdictions. Associated with the debate is an emotional (or ideological) bias by communities in favour of one mode, especially rail, which carries much sway at the political level as if there is no budget constraint. This paper presents a stated choice experiment to investigate this context as two unlabelled options described by 20 potential drivers of community preferences for improved public transport, where each choice scenario is conditioned on an estimated construction cost and a total annual transport infrastructure budget for the relevant geographical jurisdiction. This is followed by a labelling of each alternative to reveal whether the option is bus rapid transit (BRT) or light rail (LRT) and to establish whether this additional information influences preference revision. Data is collected in all eight capital cities of Australia in mid 2014. Mixed logit models with heteroscedastic conditioning in terms of the cost of the project infrastructure and whether the alternative is labelled BRT or LRT, provide new evidence on the nature and extent of community modal bias in a budget-constrained choice setting. The conclusions are twofold. On the one hand, if a fully compensatory choice rule is assumed (as is common in all previous modal comparison studies), LRT is predominantly preferred over BRT despite budgetary constraints, similarities in quality of service attributes and the opportunity to choose a greater network coverage for a given construction cost. However, when we allow for attribute non-attendance (a semi-compensatory choice rule), the modal bias is no longer a significant driver of preferences.     

Subjective-utility travel time budget modeling in the stochastic traffic network assignment

ABSTRACT

In this article, we propose a new model called subjective-utility travel time budget (SU-TTB) model to capture travelers' risk-averse route choices. In the travel time budget (TTB) and mean-excess travel time (METT) model, a predefined confidence level is needed to capture the risk-aversion in route choice. Due to the day-to-day route travel time variations, the exact confidence level is hard to be predicted. With the SU-TTB model, we assume travelers' confidence level belongs to an interval that they may comply with in the route choice. The two main components of SU-TTB are the utility function and the TTB model. We can show that the SU-TTB can be reduced to the TTB and METT model with proper utility function for the confidence levels. We can also prove its equivalence with our recently proposed nonlinear-expectation route travel time (NERTT) model in some cases and give some new interpretation on the NERTT with this equivalence. Finally, we formulate the SU-TTB model as a variational inequality (VI) problem to model the risk-averse user equilibrium (RAUE), termed as generalized RAUE (GRAUE). The GRAUE is solved via a heuristic gradient projection algorithm, and the model and solution algorithm are demonstrated with the Braess's traffic network and the Nguyen and Dupuis's traffic network.     

谈勘察设计企业全面预算管理

全面预算管理在国内外企业中已经取得了成功.勘察设计单位改制后也应引入全面预算管理,实现集团化发展的战略目标.对全面预算管理的内涵及在勘察设计单位中的应用过程进行了探讨.     

高速公路养护费用收支测算模型的研究与建立

针对国内高速公路养护费用测算现状和存在的问题,建立养护费用收支测算模型,通过综合各种影响因素计算出其加权系数,进而得出收支比,最后结合实例,使该模型的实用性得到验证。     

关于内部会计监督的思考

分析了内部会计监督的现实意义,阐述了内部会计监督存在的主要问题,并且从控制环境、预算管理、风险意识、创新内部监督控制制度等方面对内部会计监督作了探讨。     

小波变换在轨道静态功率谱密度获取中的应用

利用小波变换将轨道不平顺信号和所得谱图信号分解到互不重叠的频带上,结合小波阈值处理技术,对小波高频系数进行阈值量化处理,滤掉其中某些频段内的干扰与噪声信号,然后对信号进行重构,从而实现了对信号的去噪和对谱图信号的平滑处理。结果表明,该方法成功地获取了轨道静态功率谱密度,有效提高了轨道静态参数信噪比和轨道静态功率谱密度图的可视性。