Excel在利用公交IC卡数据构造换乘矩阵中的应用

公交IC卡的应用,不仅方便了乘客出行,也为城市交通规划相关数据的采集提供了一种新的调查统计手段.针对当前城市公交IC卡在换乘矩阵构造过程中存在的信息量大、处理困难的问题,利用Excel软件强大的数据处理功能,对大量的IC卡信息进行了有效地处理,成功地构造了城市公交换乘矩阵,使其成为公交换乘枢纽规划的一个重要参考依据.     

改进动态克隆选择算法在邮件过滤中的应用研究

提出了可控变异和随机变异方法,改进了动态克隆选择算法,建立并实现一种改进的基于人工免疫系统的邮件过滤算法.并采用SpamAssassin垃圾邮件样本对算法性能进行测试.实验结果表明,引入改进的动态克隆选择算法后,该算法对具有变异特性的垃圾邮件能保持较高的正确识别率,具有较好的自适应性和多样性.     

考虑财政补贴的电动公交车队置换优化模型

为解决公交车队置换问题,分析财政补贴政策对公交车队电动化的影响,本文考虑财政补贴、温室气体排放水平等因素,以公交车队生命周期成本最小为优化目标,建立公交车队置换的混合整数规划模型,使用CPLEX软件求解模型,获得最优精确解.以2017年北京市19路公交车队为算例进行计算,得出最优的车辆购置方案、充电桩购置方案、车辆淘汰...     

Rising Sea Levels: Helping Decision-Makers Confront the Inevitable

Sea-level rise (SLR) is not just a future trend; it is occurring now in most coastal regions across the globe. It thus impacts not only long-range planning in coastal environments, but also emergency preparedness. Its inevitability and irreversibility on long time scales, in addition to its spatial non-uniformity, uncertain magnitude and timing, and capacity to drive non-stationarity in coastal flooding on planning and engineering timescales, create unique challenges for coastal risk-management decision processes. This review assesses past United States federal efforts to synthesize evolving SLR science in support of coastal risk management. In particular, it outlines the: (1) evolution in global SLR scenarios to those using a risk-based perspective that also considers low-probability but high-consequence outcomes, (2) regionalization of the global scenarios, and (3) use of probabilistic approaches. It also describes efforts to further contextualize regional scenarios by combining local mean sea-level changes with extreme water level projections. Finally, it offers perspectives on key issues relevant to the future uptake, interpretation, and application of sea-level change scenarios in decision-making. These perspectives have utility for efforts to craft standards and guidance for preparedness and resilience measures to reduce the risk of coastal flooding and other impacts related to SLR.     

基于合作博弈的公交滞站点优化模型

公交滞站控制是防治公交串车的常用方法. 现有研究主要集中于公交滞站时间的优化，很少关注滞站点优化问题. 本文提出一种基于合作博弈的公交滞站点优化模型. 根据系统当前状态，模型首先预测当控制不同滞站点组合时该滞站点组合对公交串车率的改进；其次，以滞站点为博弈人，以滞站点组合及其对公交串车率的改进量为效用函数，构建合作博弈，分析滞站点的单独和联合控制效果，并用Shapley 值刻画滞站点的相对重要性. 通过在最有效的滞站点实施滞站控制，能够有效防治公交串车. 最后，通过仿真实验对滞站点的数量和位置的确定进行说明，模型能有效降低公交车头时距波动，减少公交串车率，最终减少乘客平均候车时间.     

C/D型总段船坞无余量搭载反变形加放

针对总段异地总组在船坞搭载时呈现开口偏小,而对C/D型总段回厂无余量搭载有较大影响的吊运次数与海运无法改变的问题,从工艺角度对其实施过程采用分段制造阶段与总组阶段的反变形加放,通过采用反变形加放的实施应用,可有效规避C/D型总段回厂船坞搭载的变形,改善作业环境,提高船坞搭载效率。     

基于公交IC卡信息的城市公交满载率指标计算方法

为减少传统城市公交满载率指标测算过程的人力投入并提高指标计算结果的准确性，利用公交IC卡刷卡信息、公交GPS信息、公交站点信息和公交车辆信息，通过各类信息衔接分析，提出了基于公交IC卡的公交满载率指标计算思路。采用MYSQL搭建分析数据库，通过编程代码自动关联识别和快速分析大数据，计算出城市公交线路的满载率指标值。通过案例分析发现，相比传统公交满载率调查方法，基于公交IC卡信息的公交满载率指标计算能找到更精确的最大客流断面、得出更精确的计算结果，并且运算过程更高效，能有效节约人力，可为同类城市测算城市公交满载率指标、分析城市公交乘客的出行特征提供参考。     

Continuous approximation models for mixed load school bus routing

School bus routing is a complex and expensive transportation problem for many public school districts. Typical school bus routes serve a single school, but mixed load school bus routes carry students for more than one school at the same time. A mixed load policy reduces the number of stops and distance to pick up and drop off children, but it can increase travel distance by visiting multiple schools. This paper provides a general strategic analysis using continuous approximation models to assess the conditions under which mixed loading is likely to be beneficial. We also present a case study for a semi-rural Missouri school district to illustrate the application of the models in practice. Results show that mixed load routing is more beneficial for larger districts, when a large percentage of bus stops are shared by students of different schools, and when schools are closer together.     

安全视角下我国校车集约运营模式探讨

当前我国校车服务尚处于粗放式运营阶段，还存在运营效率低、国家财政投入缺口大、安全事故频出、服务满意度差等问题。鉴于此，基于安全的视角，借鉴运输规模经济理论与企业集约化经营理论，提出校车集约运营模式，与当前校车运营模式相比，其具有成本投入少、服务标准化程度高、政府易监管、有利于缓解学校周边交通拥堵、有利培养学生公平意识、绿色环保等优势。进而提出了校车集约运营的5类模式：校车专营模式，城市公交模式，农村县际、乡际、村际班车模式，拼车模式，混合模式，系统阐述了5类模式的集约方法，最后在政策层面、技术层面就如何在我国推广校车集约运营提出了相应的对策。     

交─直─交传动机车机械部分的设计特点

交－直－交传动技术应用于机车动车具有明显的优点，７０年代以来被世界各国铁路广泛采用，已形成一种趋势．本文简要地叙述其优势，并就减轻机车重量、高粘着、高动力学性能和改善通风等机械部分的设计特点作了介绍．