Bus Priority Using pre-signals

The need to provide efficient public transport services in urban areas has led to the implementation of bus priority measures in many congested cities. Much interest has recently centred on priority at signal controlled junctions, including the concept of pre-signals, where traffic signals are installed at or near the end of a with-flow bus lane to provide buses with priority access to the downstream junction. Although a number of pre-signals have now been installed in the U.K., particularly in London, there has been very little published research into their design, operation and optimisation. This paper addresses these points through the development of analytical procedures which allow pre-implementation evaluation of specific categories of pre-signals. The paper initially sets out three categories of pre-signal, which have different operating characteristics, different requirements for signalling and different impacts on capacity and delay. Key issues concerning signalling arrangements for these categories are then discussed, together with a summary of the analytical approach adopted and the assumptions required. Equations are developed to allow appropriate signal timings to be calculated for pre-signalised intersections. Further equations are then developed to enable delays to priority and non-priority traffic, with and without pre-signals, to be estimated with delay being taken here as the key performance criterion. The paper concludes with three application examples illustrating how the equations are applied and the impacts of pre-signals in different situations.The analyses confirm the potential benefits of pre-signals, where these signals apply to non-priority traffic only. Where buses are also subject to a pre-signal, it is shown that disbenefits to buses can often occur, unless bus detectors are used to gain priority signalling.     

非港湾式公交停车对道路交通流的影响分析

公交车进出站点不仅影响本身,也给其他车辆运行带来很大干扰。文章首先比较全面地分析非港湾式公交停车影响下道路交通流特征,然后借助于EXCEL软件,构建关于公交停车频率、公交停车时间、最大公交停车长度及其存在时间、道路流量的车速和车头时距多元线性模型,并进行了严格的数学检验。该研究为合理分析路段交通流状况、正确计算区间行驶车速与车头时距提供了依据。     

基于全局最优化理论的公交站点布设模型

在分析城市公交站点布设模型的基础上,结合车辆配置限制模型和乘客总出行时间最小站距模型的特点,运用系统总成本最小理论建立了公交站点优化的数学模型,该方法原理简单、便于操作。     

关于公交停靠站影响区范围的研究

随着城市公共交通系统的发展,公交停靠站对道路交通流的影响已逐渐引起人们的注意。分析公交停靠站的影响首先应该对停靠站的影响区范围进行界定。在分析前人研究成果的基础上,基于交通波理论,按考虑超车与否,分析公交停靠站的影响区范围长度,得到不同交通流密度条件下公交停靠站影响区长度的计算公式。     

城市交通公平性分析及对策

城市道路的交通公平性有利于建设和谐、公平的城市,在交通公平的定义以及它的三层含义的基础上,陈述了交通公平在时间、空间和内容上的内涵。分析城市道路交通公平的影响因素及其判断标准,阐述了快速公交符合城市道路交通公平的判断标准是它有利于大多数人的出行,满足弱势群体的出行要求,并应具有低成本、高质量的优点。最后,以北京市BRT的实践表明快速公交是提高城市交通公平性的有效措施。     

基于运输效益的城市公交发车频率

公交车发车频率的确定是公交运营调度的主要内容。受车站附近其他公交车的影响,乘客在各站点的可接受公交车容量和等车时间是不相等的;平均可接受公交车容量是乘客心理容量的平均值,如果车内乘客数量超过该容量,则采用容量向量来解释乘客上车过程。文中以运营利润最大化为目标函数,在车辆资源有限的情况下建立分析模型,应用遗传算法求解最大利润下的最优发车频率,并运用实例验证了所提出的方法。     

城市快速公交与常规公交系统协调评价探讨

通过分析城市快速公交与常规公交系统协调的特征,可知相关研究应从规划协调、运营协调两个方面着手,建立两种公交系统的协调评价指标体系,并确定各指标的权重,这对于快速公交与常规公交的线网规划和运营管理有一定的指导意义。     

基于OD反推的公交站点团OD矩阵预测

城市公共交通的公交站点数量多,在实际操作中,预测站点之间的客流OD分布往往非常困难,因此需把与主要客流集散点相近的站点合并成公交站点团,通过预测站点团的OD矩阵来掌握客流量的分布情况,从而为合理布置公交线网、站场提供科学依据。     

赢在执行——客车企业基层主管如何提高执行力

分析基层执行力对企业发展的重要性,并从个人素质和工作方法两个层面来总结提高基层主管执行力的途径。     

混合动力客车用发动机ISG电机总成的台架测试系统

为满足混合动力客车动力系统的需要,开发一套基于CAN总线测控的台架测试系统,在台架上可实现混合动力客车用"发动机ISG"总成的工况测试。