电动客车水冷闭环控制系统

针对电动客车,开发了一套适配驱动系统的水冷闭环控制系统,详细论述了该系统构成、工作原理和性能特点。通过电机控制器采集驱动系统温度,并通过CAN总线通讯,散热控制器根据温度信息控制水冷系统工作。     

The optimization of lane assignment and signal timing at the tandem intersection with pre‐signal

This paper presents an integrated model for optimizing lane assignment and signal timing at tandem intersection, which is introduced recently. The pre‐signal is utilized in the tandem intersection to reorganize the traffic flow; hence, the vehicles, regardless of whether left‐turns or through vehicles, can be discharged in all the lanes. However, the previous work does not consider the extra traffic disruption and the associated delay caused by the additional pre‐signal. In the paper, the extra delay aroused by the coordination is incorporated in a lane assignment and signal timing optimization model, and the problem is converted into a mixed‐integer non‐linear programming. A feasible directions method is hence introduced to solve the mixed‐integer non‐linear programming. The result of the optimization shows that the performance of the tandem intersection is improved and the average delay is minimized. The comparison between the tandem and the conventional configuration is presented, and the results verify that the former shows better performance than the latter. In addition, the optimal sequence corresponding to the turning proportion and the optimal lane assignment at the upstream approach of the pre‐signal are presented. Furthermore, if the number of lanes is equal in all arms, the paper proves that the average delay will be reduced if lane assignment is proportional to the turning proportion and the vehicles with low proportion are discharged in advance. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

公交专用车道设置综合效益评估--以京通快速路为例

为解决当前公交专用车道设置缺乏评估标准的问题,从个人出行成本和社会成本两个角度出发,对公交专用车道设置前后交通运营成本组成进行分析。在此基础上,重点针对公交专用车道运营的直接效益,通过分析公交专用车道设置前后交通运行参数的变化,分别对运营产出和运营成本进行综合分析,评估公交专用车道设置前后的运能总量、时间及能源消耗成本的变化,并将其折算成货币指标,实现评估指标的定量化。最后,以京通快速路为例进行了评估实证分析。     

中小规模公交企业智能调度模式研究

通过对基于信息化、智能化系统环境下的各种调度模式的关键点和难点分析,提出中小规模公交企业调度模式的选择和实施方法,可为国内中小规模公交企业最大程度地发挥信息化、智能化系统的作用提供参考.     

基于Vissim的城市公交专用道设置研究

分析公交车对交通流的影响因素,以兰州市某主干道为例,在社会其他车辆交通量不变,公交车比例不断增加的情况下,分别仿真在该条道路上设置公交专用道和不设置公交专用道2种情况,分析平均总延误、平均停车时间、平均停车次数、平均排队长等参数的变化。仿真结果表明：在其他社会车辆交通量不变的情况下,当公交车交通量达到300veh／h时,可以考虑设置公交专用道。     

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目前大多数信控交叉口交通延误模型仅对一个进口进行分析,本文提出了交叉口各进口在同一个信号周期内的期望交通延误分析方法.针对交叉口各进口同时处于非饱和交通状况,推导建立了能够体现交叉口延误与信控参数、车辆到达率、车辆排队长度等参数之间动态关系的微观延误模型.将其应用于长沙市解放西路与建湘路信控交叉口的延误计算,并与点样本法、HCM2000法的计算结果比较,表明本模型在信控交叉口延误计算分析中具有较好的精确度和适用性.     

城市客车并联液压混合动力系统参数匹配

为给城市客车并联液压混合动力系统进行更为合理的参数匹配,针对中国典型城市公交循环频繁启停特性,考虑客车行驶速度、牵引功率和制动能量分布区域等因素的影响,确定了液压泵马达参数和转矩耦合器传动比;采用不同初始制动压力和不同容积蓄能器组合进行制动压力和能量回收仿真,分析确定合适的蓄能器容积.研究结果表明:匹配后的液压混合动力系统参数在每次起步速度不超过20 km·h-1时均能独立驱动客车前进,而且在每次制动过程中能够回收几乎所有可利用制动能量,整车燃油经济性得到显著提高.     

多机组船舶供电系统保护方案分析

船舶电力系统容量的不断增大使系统中发电机数量增多,分段和联络断路器的电流值都相应增加,从而给系统的保护设计带来了一定困难。本文以多台发电机的某船电力系统为例,设计了该船供电系统的保护方案。     

Measuring the Cost Effectiveness of Multimode Bus Transit in the Presence of Accident Risks

Abstract

This study employs the directional graph distance function and the multiactivity data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach, which incorporates both desirable and undesirable outputs, in order to provide a more complete representation of the multimode bus production technology from which environmentally and risk-sensitive cost effectiveness measures can be generated. We treat accident cost as the risky output in the sense that we wish to increase desirable outputs and decrease risky output and inputs. The approach is applied to the problem of measuring the cost effectiveness of 24 bus companies in Taiwan. An empirical illustration suggests that the overall cost effectiveness rankings turn out to be very sensitive to whether or not the graph multiactivity DEA approach is adopted. This implies that the conventional DEA cost effectiveness measure may be seriously misleading if it ignores the cost effectiveness of organizations that carry out various activities whilst sharing common resources.     

Policy Simulation for New BRT and Area Pricing Alternatives Using an Opinion Survey in Jakarta

Abstract

An area pricing scheme for Jakarta, Indonesia, is currently under review as a transportation control measure along with the operation of new bus rapid transit (BRT) system. While this scheme may be effective for congestion reduction in the central business district (CBD), provision of alternative means of transportation for auto users that are ‘pushed-out’ is of great importance to obtain public acceptance. Hence, it is necessary to simulate simultaneously the area pricing scheme and the BRT development which may serve as an alternative for assumed ‘pushed-out’ auto users. Utilizing data from an opinion survey, this paper studies how BRT and auto ridership are likely to vary as a function of traveler and system attributes. Additionally, the study attempts to evaluate the way this new travel mode is distinguished from other existing conventional transportation alternatives in Jakarta. The survey data contains socioeconomic information of over 1000 respondents as well as details of to-work/school trips to the CBD including mode, travel cost, time, etc. Respondents were asked about their willingness to shift from their current mode to BRT to make the same travel for different BRT fare levels. Modeling efforts suggest that a mixed logit model performs better in explaining choice behavior. Therefore, this model was used for policy simulation. The simulation results brought about many implications as to the tested policies. While the developed models may be applied only to future BRT corridors in which the survey was conducted, they capture the key variables that are significant in explaining mode choice behavior and present great potential for practical use in policy simulation and analysis in a large metropolitan area of the developing world.