Mitigating the effect of impact loading on a vehicle using an essentially nonlinear absorber

The aim of this study is to investigate the ability of an essentially nonlinear vibration absorber to mitigate the large accelerations transmitted to a passenger compartment of a vehicle which is subjected to shock-type transient loading at the chassis. For such problems, the induced vibration typically attains its maximum value shortly after the application of the loading; thus, it may be impossible to dissipate a major portion of the input energy prior to the occurrence of the peak response. Here, a class of absorbers possessing a form of discontinuous essential stiffness nonlinearity is employed to achieve the desired mitigation. In this paper, we apply a single vibro-impact (VI) absorber to the chassis and examine whether the resulting energy transfer mechanism is an effective way to reduce the peak value of the inertial force measured at the passenger compartment. The influence of the absorber parameters is first studied based on a practical impulsive force, and the optimal design of the absorber is then obtained. Next, an asymmetric clearance arrangement of the absorber is suggested to facilitate the mitigation. Finally, an impulsive acceleration excitation is applied to the system to examine the robustness and efficacy of the optimised absorber. Results of numerical simulations demonstrate that a properly designed VI absorber can significantly decrease the maximum inertial force at the passenger compartment, generated by external impulsive excitations.     

青藏铁路旱桥冻胀力的弹塑性分析

假设土体在冻结前已固结完毕,冻结过程中土体为具有弹塑性本构特征的各向同性体,土中的水分迁移符合达西定律,且土颗粒不可压缩。在给出冻土温度场、水分场基本方程及冻土弹塑性本构方程后,应用弹塑性有限元法,模拟旱桥施工过程。依次求出旱桥在围岩自重作用下的初始应力场、当前应力水平下围岩的温度场和体积膨胀引起的等效节点荷载,再求出上述荷载增量对应的应力增量和当前的围岩应力场,重复上述计算步骤直到规定年限。本文对青藏铁路旱桥单桩冻胀过程中在未来20年的应力场进行模拟计算,结果表明旱桥仅在靠近桥桩底部产生塑性应变,且塑性应变区很小,该旱桥是安全的。另外,本文提供分析寒区旱桥冻胀的理论与数值计算方法,可为类似工程设计提供参考。     

电磁永磁混合磁悬浮列车的磁铁结构优化设计

根据力学模型提出了增大混合磁铁磁轭高度以提高承载力的方法,从承载能力、可控性及永磁工作点3个角度展开对混合磁铁结构参数的优化分析。理论分析及仿真结果表明,适当增大永磁截面积在满足系统承载力要求的同时能提高磁铁可控性;合理选取永久磁铁的截面积和厚度参数能保证磁铁工作在最大能积点。     

斜拉桥断索分析中破断拉索位置的参数分析

采用ANSYS软件建立某双塔斜拉桥的有限元模型,计算全桥不同位置斜拉索的突然破断对剩余结构造成的动力响应,通过对比,获取造成最大动力响应的斜拉索位置。同时,对破断拉索位置进行参数分析,找出断索分析中的关键拉索,所得结论期望用于工程设计中的断索工况校核。     

桥梁上部结构防船撞研究

船舶撞击桥梁上部结构是船撞桥事故模式之一,其撞击特性与撞击桥墩特性相比有所不同。现着重研究了船舶撞击桥梁上部结构的风险分析、撞击力、防撞保护等技术问题,并提出设置警示设施、AIS系统建设、拦截、红外线监测、警戒等防护措施,供通航安全部门参考。     

OBO改装方案与劳动力投入浅议

文章主要对OBO改装工程项目的方案和劳动力投入等展开描述和讨论，并进行分析，试图获得大型改装工程生产进度与管理控制和劳动力投入方面定性的关系，以及为今后大型改装工程积累一定的信息。     

发动机带传动中皮带寿命提高方法研究

设计一种新型的通用皮带预紧力测量装置，通过分析发动机皮带传动中的横向振动，提出带轮结构布置原则。实验证明，根据该原则进行皮带轮结构布置并设定准确的皮带预紧力，可减小传动打滑现象，有效提高皮带的使用寿命及皮带传动效率.     

双悬臂梁桥试验检测及安全技术评价

双悬臂梁桥为我国在上世纪60年代至90年代期间为解决桥梁跨度不足而使用的一种结构。结构主要以锚固孔和挂梁孔组成。该种桥梁的病害主要体现在牛腿的受力薄弱位置的抗剪能力不足。该文对位于吉林省延边州G302国道上的嘎呀河大桥的试验检测过程作了介绍,以期为今后此类桥梁评定作为借鉴。     

The dynamic response of rail support

This research reviews principles behind the dynamic response of rail supports, and introduces a method of analysis to find the maximum response in a realistic setting. Assuming a time-dependent, moving mass with massive wheels is essential, because the ratio of the moving mass to the rail mass is significant. However, the dynamic response of the track is not affected by dynamic properties of the train other than its unsprung mass, because the natural frequencies of the train suspension and track are significantly different. A numerical method is developed to model the dynamic response based on these principles, and applied to the Korean urban transit. The dynamic response includes multiple peaks with a large amplitude range, creating noise while the wheel passes the support. The dynamic impact factor (DIF) for the rail support depends mainly on the stiffness and damping of the rail support. The DIF for the rail moment is below the code value, whether this value is based on numerical analysis or on-site measurements. However, our numerical analysis results in a DIF for support settlement that is greater than the code value, if the damping is less than 3%.     

刚架系杆拱桥钢-混凝土接头传力行为研究

对于钢—混凝土组合结构而言,其两者的有效结合和共同受力是关键。以某座刚架系杆拱桥钢—混凝土接头为对象进行了研究,作为整个桥梁的关键构造,其计算理论是否符合实际及合理显得尤为重要。文章采用解析的方法,考虑了基于三角形反力分布和矩形反力分布两种埋入式接头模式,并在矩形反力分布模式中考虑了钢—混凝土粘结力的影响。将两种计算模式的结果及是否考虑钢—混凝土粘结力计算的结果进行了比较。结果表明：具有类似工程背景的混合拱桥钢—混凝土接头可以采用设结合段的埋入式接头理论进行设计与分析,是否考虑钢—混凝土粘结力对计算结果有较大的影响。