Light Rail Rapid Transit systems for more sustainable ground accessibility of airports

This paper investigates the potential of Light Rail Rapid Transit (LRRT) to mitigate the environmental and social burden of ground access systems of an airport. This implies, on the one hand, LRRT's capability in mitigating externalities in terms of noise, air pollution/climate change, traffic incidents/accidents and congestion of airport ground access systems and, on the other, the provision of sufficient capacity to accommodate generally increasing volumes of both air passenger and airport employee demand by connecting the airport to its core catchment area. A methodology for assessing the capability of LRRT operating as an airport ground access system is developed. This methodology consists of models to analyze and predict demand and capacity for an LRRT system and models to quantify the externalities of particular airport ground access systems as well as assessing their prospective savings thanks to the introduction of an LRRT system. The methodology is applied to a large European airport – Amsterdam Schiphol (the Netherlands) – using a ‘what-if?’ scenario approach.     

沥青路面级配碎石层应力消散的细观研究

为了从细观角度阐释级配碎石作为应力消散层对半刚性基层反射裂缝的作用机理,利用离散元方法生成未设置和设置级配碎石层沥青路面结构的细观模型,模拟了上述两种路面结构在标准轴载作用下的响应过程,得到了两种路面结构的接触力分布、最大接触力、应力集中区域的y向平均应力和平均应变,以及集料颗粒的位移矢量.数值模拟结果表明:路面结构中产生的接触力主要沿荷载作用位置向下传递,设置级配碎石应力消散层后路面结构二中产生最大接触力比未设置级配碎石的路面结构一减小了6.1％,面层层底的平均应力、平均应变分别降低了11.79％,65.43％,集料的位移在路面表面附近最大,沿深度方向逐渐减小,路面结构一、二面层层底相同颗粒的位移分别为0.205 cm,0.126 cm,上述结果均体现了级配碎石对应力消散的效果.     

普通干线公路监测工作的安全管理研究

对普通干线公路监测工作事故的成因进行了分析,得出影响监测工作安全的五大主要风险因素即人、设备、基础设施、环境、管理.然后利用解释结构模型(ISM)、系统化的建模技术和计算机工具对这五大风险因素间的逻辑关系进行了运算和分析,并由此建立了描述影响普通干线公路监测工作安全的多级递阶解释结构模型.在此基础上,利用风险矩阵法对普通干线公路监测工作中的各个风险源进行了评价并确定了风险等级.最后针对不同的风险等级,依据风险控制原则,对各个风险因素提出了相应的措施和建议,以提高普通干线公路监测工作中的安全管理水平.     

柴油机微粒捕集器被动再生平衡研究

建立了柴油机微粒捕集器（DPF）的三维仿真模型,并验证了模型的准确性。模拟计算了DPF连续被动再生过程中 m （NO2）/m （Soot ）比例、排气温度及450℃时 O2浓度对再生平衡的影响。结果表明：排气中m（NO2）/m（Soot）比例为5时再生达到平衡,比例越高越有利于去除微粒物;排气温度越高参与再生反应的O2越多,越有利于DPF再生达到平衡;排气温度为450℃及O2浓度为5％时达到平衡,其浓度越高则再生速率越高。     

P2构型混合动力汽车电压控制功能算法研究

为解决P2构型混合动力汽车的高压电池管理系统(BMS)发生严重故障切断继电器时,12 V电源易消耗殆尽而被迫停车的问题,提出了控制驱动电机发电维持母线电容电压的方法,达到经DC/DC对12 V电源充电的目的.因电机转速和低压负载的急剧变化会对母线电压造成较大波动,同时考虑电机电磁参数和负载变化速率对母线电压的影响,设计...     

带有挡板的注液舱室地震响应分析（英文）

In thispaper, the effects of a rigid baffle on the seismic response of liquid in a rigid cylindrical tank are evaluated. A baffle is an annular plate which supplies a kind of passive control on the effects of ground excitation. The contained liquid is assumed incompressible, inviscid and has irrotational motion. To estimate the seismic response, the method of superposition of modes has been applied. To analyze the rigid tank response, Laplace's equation is considered as the governing equation of the fluid domain, in both time and frequency domains. The boundary element method(BEM) is employed to evaluate the natural modes of liquid in a cylindrical tank. To gain this goal, the fluid domain is divided into two upper and lower parts partitioned by the baffle. Linearized kinematic and dynamic boundary conditions of the free surface of the contained liquid have been considered.     

舰载反鱼雷鱼雷对抗行为分析与建模

为提高舰载反鱼雷鱼雷（ATT）对抗鱼雷的作战效率,研究ATT在多种方案下拦截鱼雷的问题。针对以往ATT二维对抗态势模型的不足,建立三维立体空间下的ATT运动学模型、鱼雷运动模型、ATT/鱼雷自导模型以及误差模型,运用MATLAB工具对ATT的对抗过程进行推演,并采用蒙特卡洛法定量分析ATT发射距离对不同拦截方案下拦截概率的影响。仿真结果表明,该模型可以用于舰载ATT对抗方案的定量评价。     

梁系统计能量分析中传输波的影响

机械系统中激励源传出的波将沿传输路径衰减,并会经由含源子系统边界传递出去,因而只有输入功率的残余部分以混响场的形式消耗在该子系统内。为提高应用统计能量分析法（SEA）计算振动噪声的精度,对上述过程进行深入分析,并以一个简单梁系为例,给出传入该梁系的输入功率的表达式。分析结果表明,传输波对计算结果的影响随着损耗因子的增加而增加。同时,分析将传输波的影响计入诸如舰船这种复杂空间结构的实际可行性。估算结果表明,仅对含源子结构考虑传输波的影响是充分可行的。     

Modelling heavy vehicle car‐following behaviour in congested traffic conditions

This study develops a car‐following model in which heavy vehicle behaviour is predicted separately from passenger car. Heavy vehicles have different characteristics and manoeuvrability compared with passenger cars. These differences could create problems in freeway operations and safety under congested traffic conditions (level of service E and F) particularly when there is high proportion of heavy vehicles. With increasing numbers of heavy vehicles in the traffic stream, model estimates of the traffic flow could be degrades because existing car‐following models do not differentiate between these vehicles and passenger cars. This study highlighted some of the differences in car‐following behaviour of heavy vehicle and passenger drivers and developed a model considering heavy vehicles. In this model, the local linear model tree approach was used to incorporate human perceptual imperfections into a car‐following model. Three different real world data sets from a stretch of freeway in USA were used in this study. Two of them were used for the training and testing of the model, and one of them was used for evaluation purpose. The performance of the model was compared with a number of existing car‐following models. The results showed that the model, which considers the heavy vehicle type, could predict car‐following behaviour of drivers better than the existing models. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

紧邻大型深基坑的地铁隧道沉降预测方法研究

针对紧邻大型深基坑的地铁隧道因其变形影响因素复杂、变形控制严格而难以准确预测其沉降变形的问题,文章引入对小样本、复杂、非线性数据具有优越预测性能的支持向量机理论,并利用蚁群优化算法搜索支持向量机最优参数组合,建立了优化的支持向量机预测模型。应用该模型对南京市地铁1号线某段隧道的预测结果表明,该模型预测精度高,能够准确反映隧道变形趋势,可以满足紧邻大型深基坑地铁隧道沉降预测的要求。