不同数值积分方式对海洋结构物疲劳裂纹扩展模拟结果的影响

海洋结构物的疲劳寿命预报是当前的研究热点,文章根据第二作者率领的课题组提出的海洋结构物疲劳寿命预报统一方法比较了疲劳裂纹扩展模拟的三种数值积分方法：逐周数值积分法、△N积分法和△a积分法,并分析了每种方法的适用条件。随后,以中心表面裂纹承受单向交变拉伸载荷的平板为例,分别运用三种方法计算了裂纹扩展寿命和最终裂纹尺寸。同时,研究了△N和△a取值不同对结果的影响。最后,综合考虑计算耗时和计算结果精度,给出了△N积分法和△a积分法的建议值,即△N/N≤1.0%,△a≤0.1 mm。     

基于量子粒子群算法的船舶电力系统网络重构

船舶电力系统网络重构可以看作为一个多目标、多约束、多时段、离散化的非线性规划最优问题。根据船舶电网结构的特点,提出了运用量子粒子群算法解决重构问题的思想。加入量子粒子群算法的离散化操作,使之能够满足船舶电网重构模型的要求。仿真结果说明该算法能够得出船舶电力系统网络重构的全局最优解,实现了网络重构最优,并且通过相应的算例与其他优化算法进行横向比较的结果也验证了量子粒子群算法有更好的可行性。     

The Role of Spatial Data Management Strategies in ICZM in Ireland

This article explores how a fresh approach to integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) in Ireland might be forged through the identification of a number of key innovative cross-sectoral professional initiatives and interdisciplinary academic thinking in this sector. It includes three interlinked research themes that assess existing cross-sectoral data management issues (to include an assessment of readiness for the INSPIRE and compliance with the Re-use of Public Sector Information European Union Directives), the degree of cross-pollination between the various sectors involved in managing the Irish Coastal Zone (to identify the need (or otherwise) for capacity- building to encourage cross-fertilization of ideas, skills, and knowledge exchange), and cross-professional competencies (to assess the desire/need (if any) for those working in coastal zone management to add to their existing competencies through continuous professional development or lifelong learning opportunities). Indeed, the specific competencies for coastal practitioners are identified here and these further illustrate the need for professional recognition of the role, responsibilities, and therefore the requirement for an appropriately qualified “Coastal Manager” professional, one that is seen not merely as a nicety but rather a necessity—a core enabler in any future innovative and integrative management approach.     

断面形心法在防波堤项目工程计量中的应用

在防波堤项目中,常常遇到旋转体结构的工程计量问题,断面形心法可以较好地解决这类问题。首先从数学原理上证明了形心法的正确性,接着分析了它的适用范围和对象以及确定形心和断面密度的方法,最后用一个实际案例进一步阐述了它的具体应用和优点。借助计算机程序,这种方法可以大大提高工作效率,减少审批时间,从而更好地创造效益。     

浙江LNG码头总平面布置试验研究

浙江LNG码头是我国目前最大的LNG码头之一,所处环境相对复杂,在项目设计过程中,为确定合理的码头总 平面布置方案、保证船舶安全系靠泊,采用了物理模型试验的方法,对3个不同的平面布置方案进行了比较,通过试验得出 不同方案下的船舶运动量及系缆力等参数,通过分析试验结果最终明确了合理的总平面布置方案。     

Hilbert-Huang变换在声振信号检测钢管混凝土脱空中的应用

提出了基于Hilbert-Huang变换的钢管混凝土脱空检测方法,通过对瞬态冲击下脱空钢管的声振信号进行分析,提取出了瞬时幅值特征样本,采用改进的K均值聚类法对特征样本进行二类模式识别,从而对钢管混凝土的脱空进行判定,试验研究表明本方法的可行性。     

磁流变减振器结构设计与试验研究

针对设计制造的基于混合工作模式的单级磁路与双级磁路磁流变减振器,在伺服试验台上对所设计制造的减振器进行了试验研究。分析了两种结构的磁流变减振器在不同激励电流的作用下示功特性曲线的特点及速度特性曲线特点。试验表明:双级磁路活塞减振器阻尼力变化范围更大,比同样结构的单级磁路活塞减振器性能更为优越,为磁流变减振器的进一步优化设计提供了依据。     

低速电动汽车NVH性能测试与分析

在整车开发环节中,需要保证车辆具有良好的NVH性能。针对某电动汽车样车的振动噪声问题,对车内噪声水平及电机、减速器、差速器等声振特性进行测试;采用阶次跟踪分析法识别出车内主要的振动噪声源;提出了相应的减振降噪措施。     

Dynamic hardening behaviors of various marine structural steels considering dependencies on strain rate and temperature

This paper presents a new formula for prediction of the dynamic hardening effect for various marine structural steels, considering dependencies on the strain rates and temperatures. Dynamic tensile tests are carried out for three kinds of marine steels, 2W50, EH36, and DH36, changing the steel layer in the thickness direction, the strain rates, and temperatures. Considering two thickness layers at the middle and surface, five strain rate levels of 0.001/s, 1/s, 10/s, 100/s, and 200/s, three temperature levels of LT (−40 °C), RT, and HT (200 °C), and two repetitions, the total number of tests is 180. Dynamic hardening is clearly seen at LT and RT regardless of the material type, while dynamic strain aging occurs at HT, leads to negative strain rate sensitivity, and thus elevates the quasi-static flow stress above the dynamic flow stress to a certain strain rate. Dynamic hardening factors (DHFs) are derived as a function of the proof strains of 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 according to each material type and temperature level. A new formula to determine the material constant D of Cowper–Symonds constitutive equation is developed. The correctness of the proposed formula is verified through comparison with test flow stress curves and reference test data in large plastic strain and high strain rate ranges.     

Are Longer and Heavier Vehicles (LHVs) Beneficial for Society? A Cost Benefit Analysis to Evaluate their Potential Implementation in Spain

Abstract

In this paper we carry out a thorough review of the current research related to the benefits and costs arising from the implementation of longer and heavier vehicles (LHVs). From this review we concluded that despite the many studies available, little has been said about the sensitivity of the benefits and costs to the ultimate performance of the key variables related to the evolution of the economy, road transport performance, safety, and so on. In order to fill this gap, we have designed a sensitivity approach based on a cost benefit analysis tool to determine which variables demonstrate the greatest influence on the benefits and costs stemming from the implementation of LHVs. In order to test the methodology, we have used it in an analysis of the Spanish trunk network. The results show that the benefits of LHVs for society are significant. Even in the least favorable scenario, the economic benefits are greater than €3500 million over 15 years, and the environment enhanced as well, for CO₂ emissions are reduced by 2 Million tonnes. Overall we noted how the results are not very sensitive to the evolution of key variables in determining the final outcome. However, we found that the variables that have the greatest affect on the final benefit, such as traffic growth and social discount rate, depend basically on the performance of the overall economy. Moreover, the private cost for haulers seems to be more important in determining the final benefit than externality costs.