俄罗斯货车车体用高强度钢和铝合金

介绍了俄罗斯新开发的货车车体用高强度钢的化学成分和机械性能。     

How does environmental concern influence mode choice habits? A mediation analysis

Starting from the intuition that people with high environmental concern have a better perception of public transport and therefore a better perception of the utility of public transport, we construct a theoretical model in which the effect of environmental concern on mode choice habits is mediated by the indirect utility of travel. Travel procures the direct utility of providing access to activities, but it also offers an indirect utility that is inherently personal and perceptual. We approach the indirect utility of public transport by measuring perceptions of time and feelings. The indirect utility of the car is approached by measuring affective and symbolic motives. Taking into account car use habits and habits of public transport use, the results show that people who have a high environmental concern perceive public transport use as easier, more useful and more pleasurable than people who do not have that environmental motivation. Such positive attitudes foster public transport use. Conversely, low environmental concern generates non-instrumental motives for car use, such as affective and symbolic motives. However, the relationship between affective and symbolic motives and car use habits is not robust. We can conclude that environmental concern influences mode choice habits and that the effect is partially mediated by perceptions and feelings towards public transport but not significantly by affective and symbolic motives for car use.     

Safety impacts of signalized lane merge control at highway work zones

Lane closures due to highway work zones present many challenges to the goal of ensuring smooth traffic operations and a safe environment for both drivers and workers. Late merge behavior at a work zone closure is a dangerous behavior that impacts the traffic conflicts upstream of work zone closures. This paper analyzes the safety impacts of using a signalized lane control strategy at the work zone merge points. To achieve the objective of this research, a field study has been conducted at a highway work zone to collect traffic and driver behavior data, and a two-stage, simulation-based approach is used to analyze the safety impacts of implementing a signalized lane merge control strategy at the studied work zone. In the first stage, micro-simulation models are developed and calibrated based on field data to generate vehicle trajectories. In the second stage, the U.S. Federal Highway Administration’s Surrogate Safety Assessment Model is employed to identify potential conflicts under different traffic conditions. The paper concludes that a proposed signal control device could significantly reduce lane-change conflicts at work zone merge points. In addition, recommendations on the signal cycle length and timing splits are provided.     

铁路机车司机驾驶能力的心理学检验指标及其效标

应用检验空军驾驶能力的心理学指标——五项纸笔方法对铁路机车司机驾驶能力进行心理学检验，并用标准９分制进行校标，结果表明除曲线轨迹相关较差不宜应用外，其他四项均可应用。     

A conflict model and interactive simulator (FASTCARS) for predicting enroute driver behavior in response to real-time traffic condition information

This paper proposes a theoretical methodology and practical data collection approach for modeling enroute driver behavioral choice under Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS). The theoretical framework is based on conflict assessment and resolution theories popularized in psychology and applied to models of individual consumer behavior. It is posed that enroute assessment and adjustment is a reactionary process influenced by increased conflict arousal and motivation to change. When conflict rises to a level at which conflict exceeds a personal threshold of tolerance, drivers are likely to alter enroute behavior to alleviate conflict through either route diversion of goal revision. Assessment and response to conflict arousal directly relate to the driver's abilities to perceive and predict network conditions in conjunction with familiarity of network configurations and accessible alternate routes.Data collection is accomplished through FASTCARS (Freeway andArterialStreetTrafficConflictArousal andResolutionSimulator), in interactive microcomputer-based driving simulator. Limited real-world implementation of ATIS has made it difficult to study or predict individual driver reaction to these technologies. It is contended here that in-laboratory experimentation with interactive route choice simulators can substitute for the lack of real-world applications and provide an alternate approach to data collection and driver behavior analysis. This paper will explain how FASTCARS is useful for collecting data and testing theories of driver behavior.     

Fuzzy and adaptive fuzzy control for the automobiles' active suspension system

Two typical criteria for good vehicle suspension performance are their ability to provide good road handling and increased passenger comfort. The main disturbance affecting these two criteria is terrain irregularities. Active suspension control systems reduce these undesirable effects by isolating car body motion from vibrations at the wheels. This paper describes fuzzy and adaptive fuzzy control (AFC) schemes for the automobile active suspension system (ASS). The design objective is to provide smooth vertical motion so as to achieve the road holding and riding comfort over a wide range of road profiles. The efficacy of the proposed control schemes is demonstrated via simulations. With respect to the optimal linear quadratic regulator (LQR), it is shown that superior results have been achieved by the AFC.     

DZ1型电气化铁道接触网作业车的研制

对国内外电气化铁道接触网作业车的结构形式及性能进行比较,详细介绍了DZ1型电气化铁道接触网作业车较为先进的功能特点,并展示了该车将为铁路电气化施工事业中提供新型技术装备的良好前景。     

轿车发动机的发展趋势

本文介绍了轿车用四冲程汽油机和柴油机采用的燃油喷射、增压及微电子控制等新技术,以改善发动机的功率、排放和油耗。     

整备状态下的轨道交通车辆车体模态计算分析

推导了多自由度刚体振动系统振动频率和特征向量的解析方法,研究了轨道交通车辆车体设备悬挂方式及其垂向悬挂刚度与车体系统振动频率和车体各阶振幅之间的关系。以某轨道交通车辆车体模态分析为例,对车体模态分析过程中悬挂设备的模拟方法、车体内装和设备的刚度,以及乘客质量对车体一阶垂弯和扭转频率的影响进行了深入分析和试验对比。研究结果表明,设备悬挂方式和悬挂刚度的选择对车体频率有非常显著的影响;与试验相比,考虑设备悬挂刚度、内装和设备自身刚度时对车体主要振动模态有显著提升,应在车体结构设计时予以注意;乘客质量对车体主要振动模态频率几乎没有影响。     

新型160 km·h~(-1)集装箱专用平车动力学性能分析

针对研制中的时速160 km新型快速集装箱专用平车存在的横向运动稳定性差、对线路的动力作用相对较大等问题,提出如下4项改进措施优化车辆设计.①采用增大车体抗扭刚度和侧滚转动惯量的侧墙结构;②一系悬挂采用单拉杆加钢弹簧结构的弹性定位方式;③适当减小二系悬挂的横向刚度;④选择常接触弹性旁承参数时兼顾车辆的横向运动稳定性和曲线通过性能.建立平车与轨道动态相互作用分析模型,并采用机车车辆-轨道耦合动力学仿真分析软件分析改进后时速160 km新型快速集装箱专用平车的动力学性能.仿真结果表明:改进后的时速160 km新型快速集装箱专用平车具有良好的横向运动稳定性、曲线通过件能和直线运行平稳性,轮轨动力作用较低;以时速50 km侧向通过12#固定辙叉道岔和以时速160 km通过轨道低接头时,对线路的动力作用均满足设计规范要求.