基于混合有限元法的钢箱拱相关稳定分析

针对薄壁结构提出了一种混合有限元方法,对结构关心的部位采用板壳单元模拟,其他部位采用杆系单元模拟,根据平截面假定推导了2种单元在交界面处的约束方程,由此建立整体混合有限元模型。通过算例验证了该方法的可靠性,可以计算薄壁结构的整体稳定、局部稳定和整体局部相关稳定。用该方法对某座刚构-单肋钢箱系杆拱组合桥梁进行特征值和弹塑性稳定分析,得到了相应的稳定系数和失稳模态。实例显示,该方法既可以弥补梁单元模型无法计算构件局部屈曲的不足,又可克服局部板壳模型无法准确模拟其整体边界条件及工作环境的缺点,还可以避免全结构板壳模型产生过多单元数量和庞大结构刚度矩阵的弊端,计算可靠性和计算效率大大提高。     

鱼腹式箱梁横向受力的数值分析

介绍了箱梁横向受力的解析法与有限元分析法的特点。结合工程实例,对预应力混凝土鱼腹式连续箱梁的横向受力进行数值模拟,通过多工况计算分析,找出了最不利荷载分布模式,得到了各工况应力、内力以及裂缝开展的规律。计算表明,若桥面板横向不配置预应力钢束,则可能导致箱梁横向开裂,且裂缝超过规范容许值,从而影响整体结构的耐久性,该文计算方法是桥梁纵向设计计算的必要补充,所提出的合理化建议已被采纳,经试验及工程实践验证取得了良好的效果。     

贵溪大桥水中承台钢套箱避水施工技术

该文以贵溪大桥水中承台施工为例,较详细地介绍了钢套箱的设计及避水施工技术。其中详细阐述了钢套箱避水施工中的难点和重点,钢套箱的设计、作用和施工各环节的具体操做。     

摩托车排放后处理技术现状

简述了为减少摩托车污染物排放而采用的二次空气、多级补气和电控补气、燃油电喷技术等摩托车排放后处理技术,进一步阐述了这些技术与催化剂结合在降低摩托车排放污染物上的应用,分析了各种技术的原理和应用现状,同时对其优势和缺点进行了比较,阐述了目前排放后处理技术中存在的问题,对今后的发展提出了建议。     

双电机耦合驱动电动汽车驱动模式划分与优化

为充分发挥一款双电机耦合驱动系统电动汽车(DMCP-EV)多驱动模式的节能优势,制定了基于系统效率最优的驱动模式控制策略。根据该双电机耦合驱动系统的结构特点,定义了电机4种驱动模式并分别建立其动力学驱动模型和系统效率模型。在满足动力性要求的前提下,分析并划分了各驱动模式的工作范围,以系统效率为优化目标,采用粒子群优化算法进行优化,获得最佳的驱动模式切换控制和转矩分配策略。开展了Matlab/Simulink仿真和硬件在环试验验证。结果表明,经系统效率优化的驱动模式在满足动力性要求的前提下,有效提高了双电机耦合驱动系统的经济性,能耗降低11%。     

基于ADVISOR的纯电动汽车动力系统匹配及仿真

纯电动汽车作为新能源汽车行业发展的主要方向,在发展其核心技术中,动力系统的匹配对于发展纯电动汽车具有重要的意义,合理的动力系统匹配影响着汽车的动力性和续航里程等因素。根据纯电动汽车的整车参数和性能指标,计算选择动力系统的基本参数,并利用ADVISOR仿真软件进行仿真分析,为改进技术提供依据,验证了设计的有效性。     

纯电动卡车总装混线生产的工艺研究

纯电动卡车的产品特点与传统燃油卡车既有共性又存在差异,对比两种车型的底盘装配和调试工艺后,在传统燃油车总装配线的基础上设计了一套新能源的装配工艺流程,不仅提高总装配车间柔性化生产,还实现了纯电动卡车和燃油卡车的混线生产。     

Consumer preferences for battery electric vehicles: A choice experimental survey in China

To accelerate the diffusion of battery electric vehicles (BEVs), consumer preferences for different products and policy attributes must be determined. Although previous studies have investigated consumer preferences for some product attributes, including purchase price, operation cost, driving range, and charging time, limited studies have discussed the broader aspects of product attributes, such as battery warranty and depreciation rate. Moreover, market-oriented incentives, including the personal carbon trading (PCT) scheme and the tradable driving credits (TDC) scheme, can theoretically be effective alternatives to expensive purchase subsidies. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence that confirms the influence of these two schemes on BEV adoption. To fill these gaps, we conducted a stated preference choice experimental survey in China and investigated the effect of product attributes, existing policy incentives, and two emerging market-oriented incentives on BEV adoption. Our results reveal that along with the main product attributes, battery warranty has a significant positive effect on inducing mainstream consumers to adopt BEVs while no preference difference occurs among existing policy incentives after purchase subsidies are abolished. For young consumers, almost all incentives that reduce the operation cost (e.g., PCT) or increase convenience (e.g., TDC) can increase their adoption of BEVs. These findings can provide important implications for the government with regard to designing novel incentives and promoting BEV adoption.     

动力锂电池与电力推进船舶发展分析

文章通过对主要类型锂离子电池技术指标和特性进行梳理,研究了锂离子电池的热管理技术、安全性、火灾消防技术等应用重点环节的技术要点,分析了锂电池在船舶动力系统中的作用及全电池动力系统和混合动力系统的技术特点,为应用锂电池的新能源船舶研发提供参考。最后介绍了目前国内外应用储能电池动力船舶的多个典型案例,简要阐述了各个案例中的船舶核心参数和主要特点,总结了当前电池动力船舶的主要应用船型、锂电池类型、应用市场及政策、规范现状,认为锂电池动力船舶的发展前景光明,但在相关政策和船舶规范研究方面尚需进一步完善。     

Using GPS-data to determine optimum electric vehicle ranges: A Michigan case study

Fuel-switching personal transportation from gasoline to electricity offers many advantages, including lower noise, zero local air pollution, and petroleum-independence. But alleviations of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are more nuanced, due to many factors, including the car’s battery range. We use GPS-based trip data to determine use type-specific, GHG-optimized ranges. The dataset comprises 412 cars and 384,869 individual trips in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. We use previously developed algorithms to determine driver types, such as using the car to commute or not. Calibrating an existing life cycle GHG model to a forecast, low-carbon grid for Ann Arbor, we find that the optimum range varies not only with the drive train architecture (plugin-hybrid versus battery-only) and charging technology (fast versus slow) but also with the driver type. Across the 108 scenarios we investigated, the range that yields lowest GHG varies from 65 km (55+ year old drivers, ultrafast charging, plugin-hybrid) to 158 km (16–34 year old drivers, overnight charging, battery-only). The optimum GHG reduction that electric cars offer – here conservatively measured versus gasoline-only hybrid cars – is fairly stable, between 29% (16–34 year old drivers, overnight charging, battery-only) and 46% (commuters, ultrafast charging, plugin-hybrid). The electrification of total distances is between 66% and 86%. However, if cars do not have the optimum range, these metrics drop substantially. We conclude that matching the range to drivers’ typical trip distances, charging technology, and drivetrain is a crucial pre-requisite for electric vehicles to achieve their highest potential to reduce GHG emissions in personal transportation.