几座自锚式悬索桥主缆锚固区设计

主缆锚固区是自锚式悬索桥的关键传力区域,主缆锚固区结构型式的合理选择和设计是自锚式悬索桥最为关键的技术之一。以几座自锚式悬索桥主缆锚固区设计为工程实例,对混凝土结构锚固、钢结构锚固及钢混凝土组合结构锚固3种主缆锚固区常见的锚固方式进行结构设计和计算的对比分析,得出3种锚固方式的优缺点及合理选择主缆锚固区结构型式的条件。     

大断面黄土隧道开挖引起的围岩力学响应

以胡麻岭隧道为工程背景,采用现场监测与三维数值模拟结合的方法,分析隧道开挖后黄土围岩应力场、位移场与塑性区的变化规律;同时对台阶法施工中影响围岩力学响应的因素进行分析.结果表明:围岩接触压力分布很不均匀;拱腰、墙角和边墙是施工过程中的薄弱环节,应加强支护刚度,设置锁脚锚杆或扩大拱脚;建议取消拱部系统锚杆,既有利于控制围岩变形又可减少工程投资;支护结构调整了围岩应力的分配,改善了应力集中且控制了塑性区的发展,故应坚持“及时支护、及早封闭成环”的原则;上台阶支护对控制拱顶沉降起着关键作用,施工中应引起足够重视;拱顶沉降在变形允许范围内,说明现行支护设计参数满足安全性要求;掌子面空间效应的影响范围约为其前方2～3倍洞径;数值计算结果与现场实测结果基本吻合.     

城市轨道交通非装备车缓冲区设计研究

主要研究非装备车和装备车混跑或非装备车存放在存车线时的安全防护方法,提出了缓冲区的概念。根据防护场景的不同,把缓冲区分为面对面碰撞缓冲区防护和侧冲缓冲区防护。分析了缓冲区长度设置的原则和考虑因素。指出了缓冲区设计对列车正常运营的影响,并提出了几种解决方案。     

预应力锚索框架梁加固滑坡的稳定性数值分析

预应力锚索框架梁加固滑（边）坡是一典型的三维问题,为按三维问题进行稳定性分析,利用著名非线性有限元分析软件ABAQUS,在超级计算机上分别建立某高速公路路堑边坡采用单排和双排预应力锚索框架梁加固某古滑坡的三维实体有限元模型;提出考虑结构物与岩土体间黏着效应的莫尔-库仑黏着摩擦模型,模拟锚索锚固段灌浆体与其周围岩土体间的相互作用特性;以特征点的水平位移和强度折减系数关系曲线上曲率最大拐点,结合剪切塑性区临界贯通作为边坡失稳判据,对应的折减系数即为其稳定分析所得安全系数;揭示预应力锚索框架梁加固滑坡的机理。为岩土体与结构物复杂相互作用的三维问题分析提供参考。     

黄土隧道基底区域围岩应力分布规律研究

为研究黄土隧道基底区域围岩压力的分布规律,采用数值方法建立三维有限元模型,用围岩应力等效围岩压力,分别考虑隧道不同施工方法、不同埋深的影响,从而得出隧道基底区域围岩压力在上述影响因素下的变化规律。分析可得台阶法基底围岩竖向应力值比其他施工方法小,CD法和CRD法在基底中线区域竖向应力值较大;在所研究的埋深范围内随隧道埋深的增加,其基底竖向应力值随之增大且埋深每增加10 m竖向应力增大系数在1.2~1.4等结论,为基底处理方案提供参考。     

广昆铁路秀宁隧道不良地质段综合施工技术

秀宁隧道为双线大断面铁路隧道,全长13 187 m,是在建广昆铁路的控制性工程。隧址地段的工程和水文地质条件极为复杂,施工非常困难。主要不良地质有隧道出口滑坡、富水断层破碎带、富水岩溶、高地温、高地应力、放射性、煤层瓦斯及有害气体、软岩大变形、岩爆等。结合秀宁隧道隧址地层的地质条件,从隧道掘进、施工通风、安全生产等方面介绍秀宁隧道的主要施工方法和对策;另外对超前地质预报及工程难点与对策也作了说明。秀宁隧道的施工实践对类似地区长大隧道的施工有较好的参考价值。     

2010年上海世界博览会交通安全检查

2010年上海世博会期间,客流量很大,进行有效地安检以保证世博会的安全意义重大.作为客流量集中的城市轨道交通,安全检查工作更是重中之重.结合2008年北京奥运会安检经验和上海世博会轨道交通的状况,提出世博会"封闭区"概念.介绍了引导区、缓冲区、管控区三种类型轨道站交通安检.建议上海安保指挥中心采取四个方面的措施实现安全顺畅、和谐的安检理念.     

Book review

Coastal Resource Use: Decisions on Puget Sound by Robert L. Bish, Robert Warren, Louis F. Weschler, James A. Crutchfield, and Peter Harrison.

Published by University of Washington Press in cooperation with Washington Sea Grant Program, 1975. 206 pp., 15 figs.     

Artificial Reefs as Restoration Tools: A Case Study on the West Florida Shelf

Artificial reefs are one of a number of tools that should be considered by scientists and managers when planning coastal zone restoration and/or mitigation projects. In this article, the details of one project from the West Florida Shelf are presented. Two types of artificial reefs were used to mitigate pipeline construction impacts on natural hardbottom ledges in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. The project's primary objective was to avoid the paradigm of building artificial reefs as fish attraction devices, and to instead implement a design that would mimic, not augment, natural hardbottom conditions. Fish assemblage parameters (species richness and commercial fish abundances) were compared between the artificial habitats and natural hardbottom reference sites. Results indicate that species richness trends are similar among artificial and natural reefs, while certain commercial fish abundances are significantly higher on the artificial reefs. Recommendations for future restoration/mitigation projects using artificial reefs are discussed.     

Improving the State of Coastal Areas in the Asia-Pacific Region

Stresses impacting the coastal zone in the Asia-Pacific region are briefly reviewed under the headings of sustainable coastal activities, coastal ecosystem management, community/resource interactions, coastal resource economics and sustainability, coastal area planning, and integrated coastal policies. Recent contributions on mitigation of these stresses are introduced, with emphasis on the Coastal Zone Asia-Pacific Conference, held in Bangkok, May 2002, where various innovative approaches to research, education, information sharing, and coastal policies aiming at improving the state of the coastal areas were presented. These include the roles of community in integrated coastal management; tools and planning for management of coastal areas; education program and capacity building; and the establishments of national and regional frameworks for integrated coastal management. As appropriate information and its transfer are critical to these processes, an analysis is presented of the content of the database on coastal projects in the region, highlighting areas of research interests, funding sources, and achievements. Another database on coastal ecosystems, currently under development, is presented as an example of the type of resource that can be expected to help advance our knowledge and ability to improve the management of coastal areas. Overall, these tools should allow us, given the political will, to improve the state of coastal areas.