蝮蛇抗栓酶对胎儿晶状体上皮细胞体外生长的影响

目的研究蝮蛇抗栓酶(AF)对胎儿晶状体上皮细胞体外生长的影响。方法取中晚孕引产死胎眼球晶状体前囊膜,用改良方法进行胎儿晶状体上皮细胞培养,取生长状况良好的2、3代传代细胞,加入6种不同浓度(2×10-4、4×10-4、8×10-4、16×10-4、32×10-4、64×10-4u/mL)的蝮蛇抗栓酶溶液与胎儿晶状体上皮细胞持续接触48h,倒置显微镜下观察各组细胞形态的变化,四甲基偶氮唑盐法检测各孔细胞数量的吸光度(A)值。结果与对照组相比,AF组特别是高浓度AF组中,细胞失去正常多角形,胞质减少,细胞内颗粒增多,细胞间隙增宽,排列疏松散乱,甚至崩解不贴壁。随着浓度增加,各组A值逐渐减低,除2×10-4u/mLAF组外,其他各浓度组A值与对照组比较均有统计学差异(P<0.05),并且随着浓度增加,生长抑制率逐渐增加。结论AF浓度>4×10-4u/mL,能通过持续接触抑制体外培养的胎儿晶状体上皮细胞的生长,并且具有浓度依赖效应。     

我国收费公路定价问题分析与对策

介绍了国外道路收费的经验和做法,对当前国内道路通行费定价所存在的问题进行了分析,深入讨论了造成这些问题的根本原因。在结合我国现行收费公路定价的相关理论的基础上,提出了解决这些问题的可行对策。     

骨康宁治疗实验性大鼠骨质疏松的影像与病理对照研究

目的探讨中药骨康宁治疗骨质疏松大鼠的效果。方法5-6月龄雌性SD大鼠,维甲酸复制骨质疏松模型后,给予中药骨康宁治疗。用影像学、骨病理组织学、形态计量学、骨生物力学等实验技术,观察骨康宁的治疗效果。结果经骨康宁治疗后,骨质疏松大鼠的平均骨小梁数、平均骨小梁宽、骨皮质指数、股骨骨密度、股骨的最大变形能力等增加,并明显高于骨质疏松组(P<0.05)。结论骨康宁对维甲酸诱导的大鼠骨质疏松有一定的治疗作用。     

公路计重收费模式研究

阐述了公路计重收费政策的实施背景,比较分析了国内基于不同计费基础的不分档完全、分档完全、不完全计重收费模式及基于不同惩罚方式的计重收费模式,从基于构建“和谐交通”和实现治超最终目标的角度,提出了以不分档完全计费基础结合经济手段、行政手段作为计重收费模式改进方向。     

充电桩产业发展的模式探索——以城市交通企业发展充电桩产业为例

在政府对电动汽车产业的大力推动下,我国电动汽车产业已步入快速发展期,作为电动汽车基础配套设施建设的充电桩也呈井喷式增长,未来充电桩设施建设将会成为交通企业产业链的重要环节,本文就充电桩产业发展现状和城市交通企业进军充电产业模式进行简要分析和研究。     

京港澳高速沿线设施功能改造研究

京港澳涿州至石家庄段改扩建工程按A级设置了较完善的沿线设施,通过功能性整体评价提出了改进建议;针对安全设施、监控、收费、通信、供配电照明等设施及房建工程找出不合理之处,提出具体改进方法。     

高速公路收费传输网络的防病毒安全策略浅析

计算机病毒是高速公路收费网络数据和应用系统安全的主要隐患之一。随着我省高速公路规模的不断扩大,传统的完全依赖商品化防毒软件的思想,不足以抗拒日益猖獗的计算机病毒。试图在收费网络整体建设思想上,对我省高速公路传输网络上的防病毒安全策略进行一些探讨。     

Myopic loss aversion in the response of electric vehicle owners to the scheduling and pricing of vehicle charging

Upward expectations of future electric vehicle (EV) growth pose the question about the future load on the electricity grid. While existing literature on EV charging demand management has focused on technical aspects and considered EV-owners as utility maximizers, this study proposes a behavioural model incorporating psychological aspects relevant to EV-owners facing charging decisions and interacting with the supplier. The behavioural model represents utility maximization under myopic loss aversion (MLA) within an ultimatum game (UG) framework where the two players are the EV-owner and the electricity supplier. Experimental economics allowed testing the validity of the behavioural model by designing three experiments where a potential EV-owner faces three decisions (i.e., to postpone EV charging to off-peak periods for a discount proposed by the supplier, the amount of discount to request for off-peak charging at times decided by the supplier, and the amount of discount to accept for supplier-controlled charging) under two contract durations (i.e., short-term, long-term). Findings from the experiments show that indeed potential EV-owners perform charging decisions while being affected by MLA resulting from monetary considerations and the UG participation, and that presenting long-term contracts help potential EV-owners to curtail MLA behaviour and minimise cost even though the assumption of utility maximization is violated.     

基于SOC自适应分阶的动力锂电池两步优化快速充电策略

快速高效的充电方式对于推动汽车电动化,加快以石油为主导的传统交通能源向绿色低碳能源转型,实现中国"双碳战略"的目标具有重要意义。针对充电时间和充电损失的平衡优化问题,提出了一种基于SOC自适应分阶的两步优化多阶恒流充电策略。为实现充电过程的优化分阶,利用改进的二分K-means算法对基于内阻曲线的采样点集进行聚类,实现了充电区间关于内阻变化和分布特征的自适应划分。基于分阶优化结果,采用改进的非支配排序哈里斯鹰优化算法(INSHHO)求解优化电流对应帕累托前沿。利用Logistic混沌初始化及自适应t分布突变算子对哈里斯鹰模型(HHO)进行改进,进一步提升算法的全局寻优能力。最后通过充电对比试验,将优化多阶恒流充电策略与恒流恒压策略(CC-CV)和均分多阶恒流充电策略在不同充电时间条件下进行充电性能对比。结果表明:在充电时间保持一致的条件下,提出的优化多阶恒流充电策略较恒流恒压策略和均分多阶恒流充电策略的充电欧姆损失最大分别减少1.03%和0.3%;在温升表现上,优化多阶恒流充电策略较均分多阶恒流充电策略的充电温升最多降低了0.82℃。     

How driver behaviour and parking alignment affects inductive charging systems for electric vehicles

Inductive charging, a form of wireless charging, uses an electromagnetic field to transfer energy between two objects. This emerging technology offers an alternative solution to users having to physically plug in their electric vehicle (EV) to charge. Whilst manufacturers claim inductive charging technology is market ready, the efficiency of transfer of electrical energy is highly reliant on the accurate alignment of the coils involved. Therefore understanding the issue of parking misalignment and driver behaviour is an important human factors question, and the focus of this paper. Two studies were conducted, one a retrospective analysis of 100 pre-parked vehicles, the second a dynamic study where 10 participants parked an EV aiming to align with a charging pad with no bay markings as guidance. Results from both studies suggest that drivers are more accurate at parking laterally than in the longitudinal direction, with a mean lateral distance from the centre of the bay being 12.12 and 9.57 cm (retrospective and dynamic studies respectively) compared to longitudinally 23.73 and 73.48 cm. With current inductive charging systems having typical tolerances of approximately ±10 cm from their centre point, this study has shown that only 5% of vehicles in both studies would be aligned sufficiently accurately to allow efficient transfer of electrical energy through induction.