Shared autonomous electric vehicle (SAEV) operations across the Austin,Texas network with charging infrastructure decisions

Shared autonomous vehicles, or SAVs, have attracted significant public and private interest because of their opportunity to simplify vehicle access, avoid parking costs, reduce fleet size, and, ultimately, save many travelers time and money. One way to extend these benefits is through an electric vehicle (EV) fleet. EVs are especially suited for this heavy usage due to their lower energy costs and reduced maintenance needs. As the price of EV batteries continues to fall, charging facilities become more convenient, and renewable energy sources grow in market share, EVs will become more economically and environmentally competitive with conventionally fueled vehicles. EVs are limited by their distance range and charge times, so these are important factors when considering operations of a large, electric SAV (SAEV) fleet.This study simulated performance characteristics of SAEV fleets serving travelers across the Austin, Texas 6-county region. The simulation works in sync with the agent-based simulator MATSim, with SAEV modeling as a new mode. Charging stations are placed, as needed, to serve all trips requested (under 75 km or 47 miles in length) over 30 days of initial model runs. Simulation of distinctive fleet sizes requiring different charge times and exhibiting different ranges, suggests that the number of station locations depends almost wholly on vehicle range. Reducing charge times does lower fleet response times (to trip requests), but increasing fleet size improves response times the most. Increasing range above 175 km (109 miles) does not appear to improve response times for this region and trips originating in the urban core are served the quickest. Unoccupied travel accounted for 19.6% of SAEV mileage on average, with driving to charging stations accounting for 31.5% of this empty-vehicle mileage. This study found that there appears to be a limit on how much response time can be improved through decreasing charge times or increasing vehicle range.     

The role of volume-delay functions in forecasting and evaluating congestion charging schemes: the Stockholm case

This paper uses observations from before and during the Stockkholm congestion charging trial in order to validate and improve a transportation model for Stockholm. The model overestimates the impact of the charges on traffic volumes while at the same time it substantially underestimates the impact on travel times. These forecast errors lead to considerable underestimation of economic benefits which are dominated by travel time savings. The source of error lies in the static assignment that is used in the model. Making the volume-delay functions (VDFs) steeper only marginally improves the quality of forecast but strongly impacts the result of benefit calculations. We therefore conclude that the dynamic assignment is crucial for an informed decision on introducing measures aimed at relieving congestion. However, in the absence of such a calibrated dynamic model for a city, we recommend that at least a sensitivity analysis with respect to the slope of VDFs is performed.     

高速公路隧道入口区域交通工程设施改善对策与应用

高速公路隧道入口区域交通事故率高于普通路段,尤其是追尾、撞击洞门事故频发,容易造成群死群伤。为提升高速公路隧 道入口区域的交通安全,在《公路隧道提质升级行动技术指南》对交通工程设施相关规定的基础上,提出隧道入口区域交通工程设 施应满足空间路权、驾驶人因和驾驶任务的基本原则。隧道入口区域典型问题集中于可变信息板、标志信息和视线诱导设施上,主 要是信息组合不良、交通标志位置不当、诱导信息不连续和不一致。由此进一步提出隧道入口区域标牌内容、形式和位置的设置建 议,并提出通过增设环形立面标记、隧道轮廓带、警示型线形诱导标、柔性警示柱和防撞桶等视线诱导设施来加强隧道入口区域的 视觉环境过渡的方法。最后,基于空间路权、驾驶人因和驾驶任务3 个基本原则对交通工程设施改善效果进行评价。     

高速公路合理收费标准确定方法研究

随着投入运营的时间增加,高速公路运营管理中的矛盾日益突出,如何确定科学合理的道路收费率,成为道路经营者普遍关注的问题。在收费标准基本模型的基础上提出了收费标准方案评估模型,利用判断矩阵选择最佳方案,并制定了相应的收费标准的动态调整方法。     

怠速充电工况下的电池SOC平衡控制

在分析单电机和双电机混合动力电动车发动机怠速充电工况下电池能量稳定性控制要求的基础上,提出了一种怠速充电工况电池SOC平衡的主动控制策略,并给出相应控制过程的能量控制目标值计算公式和相应的分析。通过对所提出的怠速充电工况电池SOC平衡控制策略进行仿真和实车测试,结果表明,该控制策略能有效控制电池SOC平衡,怠速充电过程中电池主动能量的过充和过放控制的稳定性也得到改善。     

法兰克福机场航空性收费研究

文章分析了法兰克福机场起降费、旅客服务费、安保费、停场费等航空性收费的收费标准,以北京至法兰克福航线为例介绍了各项收费的计算方法,分析表明北京至法兰克福航线的航班在1：45~15：44时间段内起飞,能够最大限度的降低在法兰克福机场的噪音费。     

农村公路交通安全设施选用适用性分析

基于农村公路的特点,通过对不同危险路段的各种交通安全设施进行实施效果及经济适用性分析,提出了在交通安全设施设置方案决策时应树立的一些基本意识和理念。结合各类设施在选用形式和实施效果上所能达到的安全作用,说明了设置方案的合理性。根据各种交通安全设施设置成本的构成,研究了设置方案成本的预测方法和经济效益计算方法,为各种交通安全设施设置方案的经济可行性判断提供了依据。     

公路滑坡处治工程的施工控制

详细介绍了排水设施、抗滑桩、预应力锚索、抗滑挡墙和注浆加固等滑坡处治工程的施工工艺要求，对公路工程滑坡的处治工程的施工有指导意义。     

论公路隧道提质升级

与欧洲和日本等发达国家相比，我国公路隧道工程品质亟待提升。从国家战略、行业需求和人民需要3个维度分析开展公路隧道提质升级行动的时代背景，从8个方面解读其深刻内涵，并详尽阐述公路隧道提质升级的总体思路和技术要点。强调应关注的重点区域是隧道洞口、洞身和路面，最需要补齐的短板是通风、照明、消防、逃生疏散、交通安全设施以及智能化管养平台，并提出“设施是基础、安全是根本、养护是关键、管控是核心、预案是保障、品质是追求”，建议大力推进公路隧道建设、管理、养护、运营、安全、服务协调发展，打造安全、绿色、智能的公路隧道，助力我国由“公路隧道大国”迈向“公路隧道强国”。     

We can all get along: The alignment of driver and bicyclist roadway design preferences in the San Francisco Bay Area

Two trends in the United States—growth in bicycling and enthusiasm for complete streets—suggest a need to understand how various roadway users view roadway designs meant to accommodate multiple modes. While many studies have examined bicyclists’ roadway design preferences, there has been little investigation into the opinions of non-bicyclists who might bicycle in the future. Additionally, little research has explored the preferences of the motorists who share roads with cyclists—despite the fact that motorists compose the vast majority of roadway users in the United States and similarly developed countries.This paper presents results from an internet survey examining perceived comfort while driving and bicycling on various roadways among 265 non-bicycling drivers, bicycling drivers, and non-driving bicyclists in the San Francisco Bay Area. Analysis of variance tests revealed that both drivers and bicyclists are more comfortable on roadways with separated bicycling facilities than those with shared space. In particular, roadways with barrier-separated bicycle lanes were the most popular among all groups, regardless of bicycling frequency. Striped bicycle lanes, a common treatment in the United States, received mixed reviews: a majority of the sample believed that they benefit cyclists and drivers through predictability and legitimacy on the roadway, but the lanes were rated significantly less comfortable than barrier-separated treatments—particularly among potential bicyclists.These findings corroborate research on bicyclists’ preferences for roadway design and contribute a new understanding of motorists’ preferences. They also support the U.S. Federal Highway Administration’s efforts to encourage greater accommodation of bicyclists on urban streets.