时程分析法在大蒲春河特大桥主桥抗震验算中的应用

采用时程分析法对大蒲春河特大桥进行抗震分析,对主桥控制部位E1概率和E2概率地震作用下的响应进行验算,并利用验算结果指导该桥的抗震设计.     

长益常城际铁路速度目标值的选择

速度目标值是城际铁路设计时的核心指标,在选取时主要以适应客流需求、与区域其他交通运输方式相协调、与沿线社会经济发展相适应为原则,体现有利于吸引客流、减少工程投资和运营成本的效益最大化原则。速度目标值的选择主要通过本线客流特点、时间目标值的选择和具体多个速度目标值的比选得出。文中以长沙—益阳—常德速度目标值的选择为例,阐述铁路设计中客运专线速度目标值的选择方式和方法。     

8170型柴油机应用可变几何排气管增压系统的计算研究

为了实现8缸柴油机高低负荷兼顾,提出新的可变几何排气管增压系统,通过安装在排气管上的可控阀门来实现增压方式的转换。对可变几何排气管增压系统进行稳态和瞬态计算研究。稳态计算结果表明,与原机MPC增压系统相比,在25%、50%、75%和100%负荷时,可变几何排气管增压系统的平均扫气系数均大于MPC系统的平均扫气系数,油耗均小于MPC增压系统的油耗。瞬态计算结果表明,可控阀门关闭以后,压气机后进气压力增加的程度较大。     

Bus congestion, optimal infrastructure investment and the choice of a fare collection system in dedicated bus corridors

Microeconomic optimisation of scheduled public transport operations has traditionally focused on finding optimal values for the frequency of service, capacity of vehicles, number of lines and distance between stops. In addition, however, there exist other elements in the system that present a trade-off between the interests of users and operators that have not received attention in the literature, such as the optimal selection of a fare payment system and a designed running speed (i.e., the cruising speed that buses maintain in between two consecutive stops). Alternative fare payment methods (e.g., on-board and off-board, payment by cash, magnetic strip or smart card) have different boarding times and capital costs, with the more efficient systems such as a contactless smart card imposing higher amounts of capital investment. Based on empirical data from several Bus Rapid Transit systems around the world, we also find that there is a positive relationship between infrastructure cost per kilometre and commercial speed (including stops), achieved by the buses, which we further postulate as a linear relationship between infrastructure investment and running speed. Given this context, we develop a microeconomic model for the operation of a bus corridor that minimises total cost (users and operator) and has five decision variables: frequency, capacity of vehicles, station spacing, fare payment system and running speed, thus extending the traditional framework. Congestion, induced by bus frequency, plays an important role in the design of the system, as queues develop behind high demand bus stops when the frequency is high. We show that (i) an off-board fare payment system is the most cost effective in the majority of circumstances; (ii) bus congestion results in decreased frequency while fare and bus capacity increase, and (iii) the optimal running speed grows with the logarithm of demand.     

隧道开挖中的应力旋转和裂隙塑性变形问题研究

通过对隧道开挖过程进行三维数值模拟,分析了隧道开挖过程中主应力方向的旋转变化,研究了主应力旋转与隧道裂隙塑性变形的关系,验证了"考虑应力主轴旋转的广义塑性原理"的正确性,并将数值模拟结果和相关试验成果进行了对比,得出了一致性的结论。研究结果表明,应力旋转基本在隧道开挖前后10 m左右的距离内完成,隧道开挖过程中的应力旋转可以引起裂隙塑性变形的突变,且对竖向和斜向裂隙的影响较大;可以根据应力旋转的变化规律合理地选择支护时机,依据应力旋转对裂隙的影响对隧道的重点部位进行超前加固。     

Real time queue length estimation for signalized intersections using travel times from mobile sensors

We study how to estimate real time queue lengths at signalized intersections using intersection travel times collected from mobile traffic sensors. The estimation is based on the observation that critical pattern changes of intersection travel times or delays, such as the discontinuities (i.e., sudden and dramatic increases in travel times) and non-smoothness (i.e., changes of slopes of travel times), indicate signal timing or queue length changes. By detecting these critical points in intersection travel times or delays, the real time queue length can be re-constructed. We first introduce the concept of Queue Rear No-delay Arrival Time which is related to the non-smoothness of queuing delay patterns and queue length changes. We then show how measured intersection travel times from mobile sensors can be processed to generate sample vehicle queuing delays. Under the uniform arrival assumption, the queuing delays reduce linearly within a cycle. The delay pattern can be estimated by a linear fitting method using sample queuing delays. Queue Rear No-delay Arrival Time can then be obtained from the delay pattern, and be used to estimate the maximum and minimum queue lengths of a cycle, based on which the real-time queue length curve can also be constructed. The model and algorithm are tested in a field experiment and in simulation.     

基于多分辨率分析的区间类型2模糊系统

为了更有效地表达和处理系统的不确定性,提出了基于多分辨率分析的区间类型2(简称多分辨率区间类型2)模糊系统,构造了多分辨率区间类型2隶属度函数,并给出了基于尺度函数分解的结构和参数学习算法.多分辨率区间类型2模糊系统的前件是多分辨率隶属度函数,后件是输入的线性函数,因此系统可以自适应地划分输入论域空间,优化系统结构.将多分辨率区间类型2模糊系统应用于带有噪声的时间序列预测,预测结果的复杂度较小,均方根误差为0.105 2.     

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城市公共交通乘客出行成本的量化研究,对于科学合理地评价公共交通系统的社会效益意义重大,而出行时间价值是进行乘客出行成本估计的一个重要环节. 本文以北京市市区居民SP调查数据为依托,通过分析公共交通出行时间价值的影响因素,选取Logit模型为基础模型,引入“出行者收入”作为模型新增变量,并针对工作商务、社会娱乐两种出行目的在不同换乘情况下出行时间价值模型进行参数标定,建立了基于SP调查数据的改进型时间价值求解模型,并计算得到北京市公共交通出行者在不同出行目的和有无换乘情况下的换乘时间价值、候车时间价值以及运行时间价值. 研究发现,工作商务出行目的出行时间价值普遍高于社会娱乐的出行时间价值,出行者在不同出行目的和有无换乘情况下的候车时间价值,大于换乘时间价值以及运行时间价值,并且有换乘情况下的候车时间价值大于无换乘情况下的候车时间价值.     

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在城市轨道交通的线路网络形成、实行一票换乘并伴随投资主体多元化时,需要建立公平公正的票务清分机制,本文提出一个基于乘客旅行实际时间分布计算各路径上乘客比例的新方法.根据交通卡中的进出站的时间记录,计算出在一段时间内在一对出入站之间完成旅行的所有乘客的时间分布,以这个分布为依据计算在这段时间里各路径上的乘客比例.采用数值模拟的方法在一对有两条有效路径的出入站间产生乘客旅行时间的数据,然后根据这些数据进行客流比例计算.结果表明,即使两条路径的运营时间差异很小也能实现较准确的比例划分,这种动态计算客流分布的方法能更准确地反映实际客流分布.     

近代海防爱国思想的当代价值及其传承

今天,传承中国近代海防斗争中浓厚的爱国思想和忠贞的民族气节有时代价值,本文着重阐述航海院校传承近代海防爱国思想的当代价值,并在此基础上探讨了传承的路径.