A study on seepage field in subgrade slope subjected to various rainfall patternsEI北大核心

Research purposes: Rainfall is one of the most important factors for subgrade slope failure, and rainfall patter is one of the most primary influence parameters. Based on the two-dimensional saturated-unsaturated seepage theory, numerical analyses are conducted to investigate the change rules of seepage field in subgrade slope subjected to rainfalls with four different patterns, i.e. delayed, uniform, central and advanced rainfall patterns. Research conclusions: (1) Both the maximum pore-water pressure umax and the maximum saturated depth Hsmax at shoulder are affected by rainfall intensity and rainfall duration observably. (2) There is a sensitive range of coefficient of permeability influencing on the maximum saturated depth, only within the sensitive range increasing coefficient of permeability could reduce Hsmax and subgrade surface pore-water pressure effectively. (3) Under central and advanced rainfall patterns, the most dangerous time stage of slope stability is obvious affected by coefficient of permeability, within the sensitive range and the less side outside the sensitive range, the starting point of the most dangerous time stage is not affected by coefficient of permeability, but the end time is advanced with coefficient of permeability increasing. (4) The stability of subgrade slope is the best under advanced rainfall pattern and the worst under delayed rainfall pattern. (5) The research results can provide basis and reference for slope protection and reinforcement design.     

Designing Emission Charging Schemes for Transportation Conformity

This paper designs emission charging schemes to ensure traffic emissions not exceeding the emission budgets in emission regulation areas. In a network where all links are tollable, we prove that, under mild conditions, there exists a non‐negative link‐based toll scheme that achieves the transportation conformity requirement while minimizing total emissions. We further consider only tolling in the emission regulation areas and formulate a model to determine optimal area‐based emission charges to ensure the conformity. The model is formulated as a mathematical program with complementarity constraints. A solution framework is developed to solve the model, leveraging on a derivative‐free pattern search algorithm and integrating MOVES to estimate vehicular emissions more accurately. The proposed models are demonstrated on two numerical examples. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A multi‐class mean‐excess traffic equilibrium model with elastic demand

Recent empirical studies have revealed that travel time variability plays an important role in travelers' route choice decisions. To simultaneously account for both reliability and unreliability aspects of travel time variability, the concept of mean‐excess travel time (METT) was recently proposed as a new risk‐averse route choice criterion. In this paper, we extend the mean‐excess traffic equilibrium model to include heterogeneous risk‐aversion attitudes and elastic demand. Specifically, this model explicitly considers (1) multiple user classes with different risk‐aversions toward travel time variability when making route choice decisions under uncertainty and (2) the elasticity of travel demand as a function of METT when making travel choice decisions under uncertainty. This model is thus capable of modeling travelers' heterogeneous risk‐averse behaviors with both travel choice and route choice considerations. The proposed model is formulated as a variational inequality problem and solved via a route‐based algorithm using the modified alternating direction method. Numerical analyses are also provided to illustrate the features of the proposed model and the applicability of the solution algorithm. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于简化差分相干积累的北斗B1频点信号精捕获算法

北斗卫星信号的捕获速度、灵敏度及精度将直接影响接收机的性能指标.本文提出了一种提高北斗导航卫星B1频点信号检测信噪比的精捕获算法,该算法基于简化差分相干积累（SDCI）的短时匹配滤波器（STMF）和快速傅里叶变换（FFT）运算（STMF-FFT）.为了保证在降低FFT运算量和提高信号检测概率的条件下,获得更精确的多普勒频率估计,采用逼近效果较好的切比雪夫线性最小二乘曲线拟合法得到多普勒频移的精确化估计值.理论分析和仿真验证表明：本文提出的SDCI算法比非相干积累算法获得的检测信噪比高约3.2 dB.     

城市快速路交通拥堵持续时间分布特性研究

依托上海市南北高架西侧的交通流数据,引入生存分析方法,建立基于风险的交通拥堵持续时间模型。其根据大量交通拥堵样本的时间属性,采用Kaplan-M eyer非参数回归模型定量估计拥堵持续时间,并按星期数、高峰时段、数据年限、样本位置和天气划分五类影响因素,从生存函数和危险函数两个方面,分析拥堵持续时间的时空分布特性。结果表明上海市南北高架西侧的交通拥堵持续时间70％能在1小时内消散,在不同类别的影响因素下分布特性存在明显差异。     

拌和时间及拌和温度对橡胶沥青性能的影响

利用废旧轮胎作为橡胶沥青生产原料,不仅可以改善路面的使用性能,延长路面的使用寿命,而且可以减轻废轮胎带来的环境压力.在理论分析的基础上,通过大量的试验研究了拌和时间、拌和温度对橡胶沥青性能的影响.根据试验结果,认为制备橡胶沥青时的最佳反应时间为60min左右,最佳反应温度为190℃.     

橡胶改性沥青室内加工方法试验研究

胶粉掺入量、反应时间和反应温度对橡胶改性沥青路面性能有很重要的影响。通过橡胶改性沥青室内加工方法（反应时间、反应温度和胶粉掺入量）试验研究,确定了橡胶改性沥青的最佳反应时间为60min,最佳反应温度为180℃,最佳胶粉掺量为18％。     

舰船战损生命力实时计算方法及软件开发研究

针对舰船战损生命力计算实时性较高的需求,研究了舰船战损浮稳性参数实时计算方法、舰船战损等级评定方法等生命力计算中的关键问题,在此基础上,设计了通用舰船生命力实时计算软件的结构,开发了舰船生命力实时计算软件原型系统,该系统具有舰船数据管理、舰船战损生命力实时计算等方面功能.     

两种典型公交站点候车时间模型对比研究

乘客候车时间可直接反映公交运输系统的运营状态和服务水平.将常规公交站点分类为是否与轨道交通有衔接,对27路、111路白石桥东站,以及运通105路和87路城铁西直门站进行实地调研,获取各线路晚高峰的乘客候车时间数据,对数据进行拟合与分析.结果表明,客流到站时间分别服从对数正态分布和伽马分布.基于客流到站时间分布函数,反推出乘客候车时间模型,同时对模型进行对比分析,并得出相应结论.     

电动汽车充电站规划研究综述

新能源汽车尤其是电动汽车已在全球范围内得到广泛推广应用,从而带来了巨大的充电需求。同时,部分充电站规划不合理导致充电站空间布局和服务容量与实际充电需求不匹配,充电站利用率低和用户充电不便并存的现象已经成为了电动汽车产业痛点。充电站的合理布局规划是优化电动汽车使用体验和充电体验、降低用户“里程焦虑”、提高充电桩利用率、优化城市电动汽车交通网络和电力网络的关键,也成为当前电动汽车及智能交通领域急需解决的问题。为提供该领域较为全面的综述视角,首先概述电动汽车充电站的发展情况、设施类型、相关标准,总结从“车端”、“站端”出发的电动汽车充电需求估计方法,然后从选址、定容、求解算法维度分析充电站规划模型,列举国内外在多优化目标、多约束条件、多阶段规划的覆盖模型、截流模型等规划模型中的研究成果,以及在各经典模拟网络和实际城市环境中的测试、应用情况,最后对目前充电站规划领域存在的充电需求估计准确性、充电站与未来需求的匹配度等问题进行总结,对“车-桩-路-网”互联时代下充分利用电动汽车的分布式储能、灵活充放电的特征进行有序充电引导、新能源消纳、电网削峰填谷的协同规划发展应用前景进行展望。