基于列车运行时间偏离的地铁列车运行图缓冲时间研究

根据地铁系统的特点,分析追踪列车间隔时间与列车区间运行时间和停站时间的关系。在非晚点情况下,根据列车区间运行时间和停站时间与图定时间的偏离,建立描述列车运行图缓冲时间与干扰概率、随机干扰变量之间关系的概率模型。采用适当的分布函数对随机干扰变量进行分布拟合,计算不同干扰水平下的缓冲时间。以某条地铁线路为例,将其1 d的实际列车区间运行时间和停站时间作为基础数据,采用给出的模型和计算方法,计算得到不同干扰水平下的最小缓冲时间,用于确定地铁列车运行图合理的追踪列车间隔时间。     

提速车辆油压减振器阻力特性及示功图分析

以KONI垂向单循环双作用减振器为例,简单介绍了其工作原理和内部结构,分析了其循环过程、阻尼特性及示功图含义,并对常见不合格油压减振器的主要原因进行了分析.     

昆明城市轨道交通高架桥景观方案及技术经济分析

结合昆明市轨道交通首期工程高架区间桥梁墩、梁外形方案设计,介绍了高架桥影响城市景观的主要因素。基于该城市景观要求,提出了适合昆明市城市特色的4种高架桥梁设计方案,并通过广泛征求意见确定山茶花方案,最后对所确定的山茶花方案的桥墩及箱梁进行了技术经济分析。分析表明,昆明市高架桥方案的桥墩在高地震烈度要求下,仍能满足节约的经济技术指标要求;而该方案箱梁技术指标相对较高,但在不考虑景观需求的前提下,其技术经济指标可达到全国其他城市同类结构的平均水平。     

基于Timed-UML顺序图的RBC交接形式化建模与分析

在CTCS-3级列控系统中,采用RBC技术将线路划分成多个管辖区段。当列车行驶并跨越相邻RBC交界区域时,控制权将会移交至前方相邻RBC,整个过程称为RBC交接。在运行中,RBC交接过程能否实时安全可靠地执行,直接影响着列车的行车效率和乘客的生命安全。采用一种基于添加实时约束的UML顺序图与时间自动机结合的模型来建立RBC交接场景。以双车载电台的RBC切换策略出发,建立切换的Timed-UML顺序图模型,然后按照UML-TA转换规则,建立得到完整的时间自动机网络模型。并利用UPPAAL验证工具对RBC交接模型进行形式化建模及分析,对模型的死锁和功能实现做了验证,从而达到对CTCS-3级RBC子系统的实时性以及设计规范合理性的验证目的。     

关于CTC系统列车运行图功能优化的探讨

结合调度指挥工作实际,指出现行CTC系统列车运行图管理子系统功能中存在的不足,并提出改进方案,达到提高CTC系统安全性、可靠性、实用性的目标。     

全路列车运行图编制系统设计的研究

提出全路列车运行图编制系统建设的远期目标和近期目标,设计了包括铁道部和铁路局2级层次的系统总体结构,并对系统的功能和实现技术进行了研究．给出了以铁路局和铁路分局数据库为基础,合并建立全路列车运行因数据库．并以区间作为基本数据描述单元,进行数据库设计和单双线合一的列车运行图编制思想和方法．针对系统研究的技术关键问题,如系统的数据组织及数据结构设计、编图算法求解及系统的人机交互功能设计等进行了介绍和探讨．     

列流线偏移描绘自动化

基于图论理论分析了列流图的组成特性,以解决列流线折点自动搜索问题.提出列流线折点搜索算法和列流线偏移描绘算法.采用基于节点信息表绘制列流图.开发了列流图自动生成数据库系统.用实例表明了算法及软件有效性和可行性.     

Deriving macroscopic fundamental diagrams from probe data: Issues and proposed solutions

Well-defined relationships between flow and density averaged spatially across urban traffic networks, more commonly known as Macroscopic Fundamental Diagrams (MFDs), have been recently verified to exist in reality. Researchers have proposed using MFDs to monitor the status of urban traffic networks and to inform the design of network-wide traffic control strategies. However, it is also well known that empirical MFDs are not easy to estimate in practice due to difficulties in obtaining the requisite data needed to construct them. Recent works have devised ways to estimate a network’s MFD using limited trajectory data that can be obtained from GPS-equipped mobile probe vehicles. These methods assume that the market penetration level of mobile probe vehicles is uniform across the entire set of OD pairs in the network; however, in reality the probe vehicle market penetration rate varies regionally within a network. When this variation is combined with the imbalance of probe trip lengths and travel times, the compound effects will further complicate the estimation of the MFD.To overcome this deficit, we propose a method to estimate a network’s MFD using mobile probe data when the market penetration rates are not necessarily the same across an entire network. This method relies on the determination of appropriate average probe penetration rates, which are weighted harmonic means using individual probe vehicle travel times and distances as the weights. The accuracy of this method is tested using synthetic data generated in the INTEGRATION micro-simulation environment by comparing the estimated MFDs to the ground truth MFD obtained using a 100% market penetration of probe vehicles. The results show that the weighted harmonic mean probe penetration rates outperform simple (arithmetic) average probe penetration rates, as expected. This especially holds true as the imbalance of demand and penetration level increases. Furthermore, as the probe penetration rates are generally not known, an algorithm to estimate the probe penetration rates of regional OD pairs is proposed. This algorithm links count data from sporadic fixed detectors in the network to information from probe vehicles that pass the detectors. The simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm is very effective. Since the data needed to apply this algorithm are readily available and easy to collect, the proposed algorithm is practically feasible and offers a better approach for the estimation of the MFD using mobile probe data, which are becoming increasingly available in urban environments.     

A multi-commodity Lighthill–Whitham–Richards model of lane-changing traffic flow

Systematic lane changes can seriously deteriorate traffic safety and efficiency inside lane-drop, merge, and other bottleneck areas. In our previous studies (Jin, 2010a, Jin, 2010b), a phenomenological model of lane-changing traffic flow was proposed, calibrated, and analyzed based on a new concept of lane-changing intensity. In this study, we further consider weaving and non-weaving vehicles as two commodities and develop a multi-commodity, behavioral Lighthill–Whitham–Richards (LWR) model of lane-changing traffic flow. Based on a macroscopic model of lane-changing behaviors, we derive a fundamental diagram with parameters determined by car-following and lane-changing characteristics as well as road geometry and traffic composition. We further calibrate and validate fundamental diagrams corresponding to a triangular car-following fundamental diagram with NGSIM data. We introduce an entropy condition for the multi-commodity LWR model and solve the Riemann problem inside a homogeneous lane-changing area. From the Riemann solutions, we derive a flux function in terms of traffic demand and supply. Then we apply the model to study lane-changing traffic dynamics inside a lane-drop area and show that the smoothing effect of HOV lanes is consistent with observations in existing studies. The new theory of lane-changing traffic flow can be readily incorporated into Cell Transmission Model, and this study could lead to better strategies for mitigating bottleneck effects of lane-changing traffic flow.     

Survivability of an ocean patrol vessel – Analysis approach and uncertainty treatment

Military ocean patrol vessels (OPVs) are today an increasingly common type of naval ship. To facilitate the wide range of tasks with small crews, OPVs represent several ship design compromises between, for example, survivability, redundancy and technical endurance, and some of these compromises are new to military ships.The aim of this study is to examine how the design risk control-options in relation to survivability, redundancy and technical endurance can be linked to the operational risk in a patrol and surveillance scenario. The ship operation for a generic OPV, including the actions of the threat, is modelled with a Bayesian network describing the scenario and the dependency among different influences.The scenario is described with expert data collected from subject matter experts. The approach includes an analysis of uncertainty using Monte Carlo analysis and numerical derivative analysis.The results show that it is possible to link the performance of specific ship design features to the operational risk. Being able to propagate the epistemic uncertainties through the model is important to understand how the uncertainty in the input affects the output and the output uncertainty for the studied case is small relative to the input uncertainty. The study shows that linking different ship design features for aspects such as survivability, redundancy and technical endurance to the operational risk gives important information for the ship design decision-making process.