基于Vissim的城市公交专用道设置研究

分析公交车对交通流的影响因素,以兰州市某主干道为例,在社会其他车辆交通量不变,公交车比例不断增加的情况下,分别仿真在该条道路上设置公交专用道和不设置公交专用道2种情况,分析平均总延误、平均停车时间、平均停车次数、平均排队长等参数的变化。仿真结果表明：在其他社会车辆交通量不变的情况下,当公交车交通量达到300veh／h时,可以考虑设置公交专用道。     

多水平模型在公交站间准点率影响因素分析中的应用

公交运行准点率是评价公共交通服务质量的重要指标,是促进公交优先发展,提高公交运行效率和服务质量的有力保证。分析多水平模型的基本原理,然后按照公交线路分层,采用分层整群抽样的方法,抽取江阴市运营中的公交车作为样本,以公交车个体为观察单位,充分考虑研究数据的层次结构特征,采用多水平模型建模分析公交站间准点率的影响因素。结论证明多水平模型能更精确地反映影响公交站间准点率的因素,不同因素对准点率的影响大小以及影响因素间的交叉作用。     

再论武汉建成国家中心城市的必要性

本文主要从武汉当前争取建设成国家中心城市的愿望出发,以武汉的优势、经济发展对中部的影响以及中部经济发展和地位的提升对国家稳定的重要作用的视角,战略性地阐述了武汉成为国家中心城市对国家的重要性,结论性地提出武汉建设成为国家中心城市是完全必要的,也是非常紧迫的观点,对人们充分认识武汉有较好的启迪作用。     

新能源公交客车应用中的主要问题与建议

公交企业在推广使用新能源汽车方面有显著优势,文中介绍了新能源公交客车的示范推广成果,分析了新能源公交客车在推广使用过程中存在的主要问题,并在此基础上提出相应的建议。     

城市客车并联液压混合动力系统参数匹配

为给城市客车并联液压混合动力系统进行更为合理的参数匹配,针对中国典型城市公交循环频繁启停特性,考虑客车行驶速度、牵引功率和制动能量分布区域等因素的影响,确定了液压泵马达参数和转矩耦合器传动比;采用不同初始制动压力和不同容积蓄能器组合进行制动压力和能量回收仿真,分析确定合适的蓄能器容积.研究结果表明:匹配后的液压混合动力系统参数在每次起步速度不超过20 km·h-1时均能独立驱动客车前进,而且在每次制动过程中能够回收几乎所有可利用制动能量,整车燃油经济性得到显著提高.     

Measuring the Cost Effectiveness of Multimode Bus Transit in the Presence of Accident Risks

Abstract

This study employs the directional graph distance function and the multiactivity data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach, which incorporates both desirable and undesirable outputs, in order to provide a more complete representation of the multimode bus production technology from which environmentally and risk-sensitive cost effectiveness measures can be generated. We treat accident cost as the risky output in the sense that we wish to increase desirable outputs and decrease risky output and inputs. The approach is applied to the problem of measuring the cost effectiveness of 24 bus companies in Taiwan. An empirical illustration suggests that the overall cost effectiveness rankings turn out to be very sensitive to whether or not the graph multiactivity DEA approach is adopted. This implies that the conventional DEA cost effectiveness measure may be seriously misleading if it ignores the cost effectiveness of organizations that carry out various activities whilst sharing common resources.     

Policy Simulation for New BRT and Area Pricing Alternatives Using an Opinion Survey in Jakarta

Abstract

An area pricing scheme for Jakarta, Indonesia, is currently under review as a transportation control measure along with the operation of new bus rapid transit (BRT) system. While this scheme may be effective for congestion reduction in the central business district (CBD), provision of alternative means of transportation for auto users that are ‘pushed-out’ is of great importance to obtain public acceptance. Hence, it is necessary to simulate simultaneously the area pricing scheme and the BRT development which may serve as an alternative for assumed ‘pushed-out’ auto users. Utilizing data from an opinion survey, this paper studies how BRT and auto ridership are likely to vary as a function of traveler and system attributes. Additionally, the study attempts to evaluate the way this new travel mode is distinguished from other existing conventional transportation alternatives in Jakarta. The survey data contains socioeconomic information of over 1000 respondents as well as details of to-work/school trips to the CBD including mode, travel cost, time, etc. Respondents were asked about their willingness to shift from their current mode to BRT to make the same travel for different BRT fare levels. Modeling efforts suggest that a mixed logit model performs better in explaining choice behavior. Therefore, this model was used for policy simulation. The simulation results brought about many implications as to the tested policies. While the developed models may be applied only to future BRT corridors in which the survey was conducted, they capture the key variables that are significant in explaining mode choice behavior and present great potential for practical use in policy simulation and analysis in a large metropolitan area of the developing world.     

交通可达性与城市经济活动的空间特征分析：以北京市为例

借助开源大数据平台,提出交通可达性及城市经济活动数据采集策略,利用全局常参数和局部变参数回归模型研究北京市六环区域内两者的空间特征.相比于全局模型,局部模型能够较好地刻画交通可达性与城市经济活动间的空间异质性特征.结果表明,私人交通可达性呈现以天安门为中心径向递减的多圈层结构,公共交通呈现轨道交通沿线区域高的特点.交通可达性与经济活动匹配度具有空间非平稳性,空间分离和匹配现象并存.西北部、中部区域空间匹配特征显著,东北部、东部区域次之,西南区域空间分离现象最为严重.丰台及良乡等分离区域,宜重视道路及轨道线网等基础设施建设工作;未来科学城等私人交通匹配,公共交通分离的区域,可考虑修建轨道线路,并增加公交运营服务水平;中关村科学城、北京经济技术开发区等匹配区域,以调整交通运营管理政策为主.     

票价优惠政策下的 BRT系统绩效评价

出于对我国政府在城市公共交通财政投入项目绩效评价工作的需要,利用网络分析原理,提出票价优惠政策下的BRT系统绩效评价指标体系。对政府公共交通票价优惠政策和快速公交绩效影响因素进行分析;结合公共交通政策和绩效影响因素分析结果构建基于网络分析的综合评价模型;采用超级决策软件对评价模型进行计算;结合广州市2011年度公交票价优惠政策绩效评价实例结果表明:计算结论与市民满意度调查的分析结果一致,从而验证了网络分析方法的可行性。      

小城镇交通系统特征分析及其在公共交通规划中的应用研究

在众多小城镇分类标准中,对小城镇的概念及定义做了明确界定,分析了小城镇的几个重要特征,即社会经济水平、土地利用特征、居民出行特征、公交需求特征和供给特征。采集了一些典型小城镇的交通特征指标,并就这些特征指标值和大中城市做了相应对比,明确了小城镇概念及其交通系统特性。重点关注目前我国小城镇公交发展的实际情况,结合小城镇公交运行的实际情况,给出小城镇公交线网规划指标的推荐数值。