极端荷载作用下公路桥梁荷载概率模型研究

我国桥梁设计规范中对极端荷载组合系数没有明确的规定,在以结构可靠度为基础的概率极限状态设计法中,由于公路桥梁各种作用比较多且大多随时间变化的范围比较大,各种作用的组合也比较复杂,所以必须选择合理的概率模型才能保证计算出真实合理的结构可靠度。通过查阅文献并结合WIM系统统计的车辆数据分析,建立了公路桥梁永久荷载及其效应概率分布模型;基于Matlab软件,在汽车车重总体服从多峰分布的基础上对实测数据进行训练拟合,建立了汽车荷载效应的概率模型并确定了汽车荷载分级加载方式,为公路桥梁可靠度研究和求解极端荷载组合系数奠定了基础。     

大断面地铁车站隧道软弱围岩渐进破坏规律模型试验研究

以贵阳市地铁2号线阳明祠车站为背景,采用室内模型试验模拟大断面地铁车站施工过程中隧道塌方破坏过程,明确施工期间大断面隧道塌方破坏过程机制,对比分析围岩和路面的变形。结果表明:通过围岩重力作用模拟隧道施工过程中塌方过程,与实际塌方过程基本吻合,弥补了常规加载破坏的不足;围岩渐进破坏过程表现为裂隙出现-裂隙发展-裂隙贯通-围岩塌方,支护渐进破坏过程表现为变形缓慢增加-变形快速增加-裂缝快速发展-支护破坏;围岩渐进破坏与支护渐进破坏相互作用,共同发展;在实际施工过程中,当支护变形大幅增加时,应增加支护强度,同时还应及时注浆、打设长锚杆,以减缓围岩裂隙发展,阻断围岩渐进破坏过程。     

Simulation on progressive collapse behaviour of whole ship model under extreme waves using idealized structural unit method

To ensure the safety of navigating ship, working loads and structural load-carrying capacity are two important aspects. In the present paper, a total simulation system combing load calculation and structural collapse analysis is applied to simulate progressive collapse behaviour of a single-hull Kamsarmax type bulk carrier. A three dimensional singularity distribution method is adopted to calculate pressure distribution with time history. A mixed structural model, collapse part simulated by ISUM elements and remaining part by elastic FEM elements with relative coarse mesh, is proposed for collapse analysis. Progressive collapse behaviour obtained by ISUM is good agreement with that by nonlinear software package, MARC. However, the calculation time of ISUM analysis is about 1/70 of MARC analysis. The applicability to structure system, high accuracy and sufficient efficiency of ISUM had been demonstrated.     

A new model for temporal–spatial stochastic analysis of vehicle–track coupled systems

The vehicle–track coupled system has a random nature in the time–space domain. This paper proposes a computational model to analyse the temporal–spatial stochastic vibrations of vehicle–track systems, where the vehicle–track system is divided into a vehicle subsystem, track subsystem, and interfacial subsystem between the wheel and rail. In this model, the time-varying randomicity of dynamical parameters of the vehicle system, correlation, and randomness of the track structural parameters in the time–space joint dimensions, and randomness of the track random irregularities are considered. A probability dimension-reduction method was used to randomly combine different random variables. Furthermore, the probability density evolution method was applied to solve the delivery problem of probabilities between excitation inputs and response outputs. The temporal–spatial stochastic vibrations of the vehicle–track system with different coefficients of variation were studied, in which we assumed that the dynamic parameters obeyed the normal distribution, and the stochastic simulation method of the track random irregularities is probed into. The calculated results from this model are consistent with the actual measured results and physical conceptions. Thus, the temporal–spatial stochastic evolutionary mechanism can be explored, and the limits of dynamic indices can be formulated by using this developed model.     

桩基施工中的坍孔原因与预防措施

对在一般河流上钻(冲)孔过程中出现坍孔原因进行分析,并提出了坍孔预防措施.     

地震作用下钢筋混凝土桥墩抗倒塌性能研究

为研究混凝土桥墩的结构抗震性能,进行了单墩多自由度体系非线性静力推倒分析、非线性动力分析、增量动力分析。分别采用纤维模型中分布塑性铰和集中塑性铰两种建模方法,建立单墩有限元模型,利用Open Sees软件中的Hysteretic滞回模型考虑各种累积损伤的影响。     

某型潜艇尾流自导鱼雷命中概率方法研究*

尾流自导鱼雷命中概率是考核鱼雷作战效能的重要指标之一,它同鱼雷自身性能和目标尾流特性有直接关系。论文在研究水面舰艇尾流特性的基础上,建立了直航目标和机动目标的尾流区域模型,分析了鱼雷的攻击态势和射击方法,提出了鱼雷捕获概率和追踪概率的计算方法。该方法对计算鱼雷武器系统命中概率有一定的指导作用。     

带延迟的双险种复合Poisson风险模型

由于保险公司风险经营规模的不断扩大,考虑到单险种风险模型的局限性,研究了带延迟的双险种复合Poisson风险模型,给出了该模型破产概率的表达式及有限时间生存概率等重要指标.     

一类离散双险种风险模型的破产概率

研究了一类离散双险种风险模型,对此模型得到了最终破产概率的一般表达式,Lundberg不等式,及当险种Ⅱ的保费收取随机序列与两险种的个体索赔额均服从指数分布时的有限时间破产概率的上界估计.     

鱼雷攻击潜艇的毁伤效果评估模型研究

客观、准确地评价鱼雷攻击潜艇的毁伤效果是鱼雷与潜艇对抗的最后一环,也是评价鱼雷武器系统作战效能的重要指标。本文在现有毁伤概率计算方法的基础上引进了舱段的毁伤程度、要害指数、命中概率、毁伤效果累积系数和齐射毁伤系数等参数,建立了一种比较全面的用来评价鱼雷攻击潜艇毁伤效果的数学模型,并给出了典型应用。