某车型座椅骨架动态安全性与模态分析

为判断汽车座椅骨架的结构合理性,文章利用ANSA建立了某乘用车座椅骨架总成及假头型有限元模型,对该座椅骨架进行了模态分析与基于显式动力学有限元的头枕吸能性仿真试验,得到前四阶固有频率和振型、头枕前碰仿真分析加速度时间历程图。结果表明,该座椅骨架自由模态频率避开了人体最敏感的共振频率范围,整个碰撞过程假头型减速度超过80 g的连续作用时间未超过3 ms。     

Towards connected autonomous driving: review of use-cases

Connected autonomous vehicles are considered as mitigators of issues such as traffic congestion, road safety, inefficient fuel consumption and pollutant emissions that current road transportation system suffers from. Connected autonomous vehicles utilise communication systems to enhance the performance of autonomous vehicles and consequently improve transportation by enabling cooperative functionalities, namely, cooperative sensing and cooperative manoeuvring. The former refers to the ability to share and fuse information gathered from vehicle sensors and road infrastructures to create a better understanding of the surrounding environment while the latter enables groups of vehicles to drive in a co-ordinated way which ultimately results in a safer and more efficient driving environment. However, there is a gap in understanding how and to what extent connectivity can contribute to improving the efficiency, safety and performance of autonomous vehicles. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to investigate the potential benefits that can be achieved from connected autonomous vehicles through analysing five use-cases: (i) vehicle platooning, (ii) lane changing, (iii) intersection management, (iv) energy management and (v) road friction estimation. The current paper highlights that although connectivity can enhance the performance of autonomous vehicles and contribute to the improvement of current transportation system performance, the level of achievable benefits depends on factors such as the penetration rate of connected vehicles, traffic scenarios and the way of augmenting off-board information into vehicle control systems.     

Failure mode and effects analysis of dual levelling valve airspring suspensions on truck dynamics

Failure mode and effects analysis are performed for a dual levelling valve pneumatic suspension to determine the effect of suspension failure on tractor–semi-trailer dynamics, using a detailed model of suspension pneumatics coupled with a truck dynamic model. A key element of failure analysis in suspensions with one or two levelling valves is determining the effect on the vehicle body roll when one or more failures occur. The failure modes considered are mainly the suspension pneumatic components, including clogged levelling valve, bent control rod, disabled lever arm, and punctured or leaking connectors and pipes. The pneumatic suspension is modelled in AMESim, with critical parameters established through component testing. Upon validating the AMESim component model experimentally, the pneumatic suspension model is integrated into TruckSim for studying the consequences of suspension failure on truck dynamics. The simulation results indicate that the second levelling valve in a dual-valve arrangement brings a certain amount of failure redundancy to the system, in the sense that when one side fails, the other side can compensate for the failure. Equipping the trailer with dual levelling valves brings an additional stabilising effect to the vehicle in the event of tractor suspension failure.     

废食用油预脱硫胶粉改性沥青组分与黏弹性研究（双语出版）

为研究废食用油预脱硫胶粉（WRO）对沥青组分及黏弹性的影响,在不同掺量、加工温度和加工时间下分别制备了15组废食用油预脱硫胶粉改性沥青（WROMA）。基于四组分试验、DSR时间扫描试验、多应力蠕变回复试验分析了沥青组分及黏弹性变化的规律。结果表明：在组分方面,WRO中的橡胶烃主要补充沥青质,油分大部分补充饱和分,少部分补充芳香分;加工工艺与改性沥青中饱和分和胶质的含量线性相关性较弱,与芳香分及沥青质的含量线性相关性很强,且芳香分与沥青质含量主要受WRO掺量影响。在黏弹性方面,WRO掺量增加,改性沥青高温黏性降低,弹性增加。为保证改性沥青获得足够的高温弹性,WRO最佳掺量为30%,加工温度为160℃、加工时间为2 h。综合组分与黏弹性的分析结果可知：芳香分是影响WROMA高温黏性的主导因素,其含量越高沥青黏性越明显;沥青质和WRO中的橡胶烃是影响WROMA高温弹性的主导因素,两者含量越高,改性沥青弹性越明显。     

路面沥青复合料基于孔隙水压力损坏的实验分析探究

集料-沥青界面强度实验,集料-沥青界面黏合机能影响要素分析,孔隙水压对沥青复合料的损坏原理。本研究经过界面拉拔实验,分析沥青老化、温度和水分等要素对集料-沥青界面黏合机能的影响,探讨车辆载荷作用下孔水压对集料-沥青黏合机能的影响及损坏原理,以为同类沥青复合料路面工程应用提供研究和技术参考。     

Decouple transport CO2 emissions from China’s economic expansion: A temporal-spatial analysis

China’s transport industry is energy intensive and high-polluting. While with the surging urbanization and the development of service industry, China’s economic relies more and more on the transport sector. Therefore, exploring the relationship between transport energy-related carbon emission (TECE) and economic development is crucial to the realization of China’s “Post Paris” mitigation target. The paper carries out a decoupling research between TECE and Gross domestic product (GDP) at both national level and province level based on Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) decomposition analysis with the extended Kaya identity and Tapio decoupling model. The model quantifies eight factors’ effects on the relationship with focusing on external macro socio-economic related factors (i.e., spatial pattern, urbanization, per capita service industry output value, reciprocal of the service industry’s share of GDP, and demographic variable) successfully. The key conclusions are indicated as follows: (1) the national decoupling status was extensive coupling during 2004–2010 and then weak decoupling during 2010–2016. The progress can be attributed to the decline of energy intensity. (2) Per capita service output was always the prominent factor to promote carbon emissions growth in different time periods and provinces with inhibiting the advancement of decoupling process, followed by urbanization. (3) Scenario analysis shows that with the continuous growth of traffic demand and the promotion of urbanization, improving energy efficiency has become the key link to realize the decoupling between China’s TECE and its economy.     

基于线性路径跟踪控制的换道避撞控制策略研究

为实现车辆自主避撞,改善道路交通安全状况,提出一种基于线性路径跟踪控制的换道避撞控制策略。为实时确定制动和换道时机,获取跟车状态下自车和前车车速、加速度、相对距离以及驾驶人制动反应时间计算制动安全距离和换道安全距离,并在此基础上分别引入制动危险系数B和换道危险系数S评估制动与换道风险,使得车辆发生追尾碰撞的危险程度和主动干预阈值更直观。根据车辆期望横向加速度和期望横向位移的变化特性,采用5次多项式法规划符合驾驶人换道避撞特性的避撞路径。为保证换道避撞过程中驾驶人的安全舒适,采用最大横向加速度约束换道避撞轨迹。为实现对换道避撞路径的线性跟踪控制,保证车辆的操纵稳定性和横摆稳定性,基于车辆稳态动力学模型建立前馈控制,结合线性反馈控制消除换道路径的位置和横摆角偏差,修正参考路径实现直车道场景追尾避撞控制。仿真和实车交叉验证试验表明：根据车辆期望横向加速度和期望横向位移建立的符合驾驶人换道避撞特性的五次多项式换道路径与驾驶人实际换道避撞路径基本吻合,结合碰撞时间和车间时距的制动避撞控制策略能够在保证车辆行驶安全舒适性的同时有效避免车辆追尾碰撞,减少交通事故的发生。     

桥侧大面积堆土致斜交梁桥倒塌事故分析

以杭州绕城高速上发生垮塌的斜交桥梁为案例,通过现场调查取证,获取了案例桥施工图纸、地质情况和现场的破坏信息。在此基础上,采用摩尔-库仑模型模拟土体的弹塑性性质,用实体单元来模拟盖梁、承台、桥墩、桩基等桥梁结构,用不同区域的均布荷载来模拟堆载作用,并且设置接触单元来考虑桩-土相互作用,模拟桩-土之间的滑移和分离,建立三维有限元模型。同时研究了土体的物理参数（淤泥层和亚黏土层弹性模量）、堆载高度和斜交角对桥梁结构的影响。研究结果表明：大面积堆土导致近堆土侧桥墩、桩基发生比远堆土侧更大的位移,对于斜交桥,该位移方向与两侧桥墩连线即盖梁的方向成一定角度,从而导致近侧桥墩、桩基在轴力、弯矩和剪力外,需要承受较大的扭矩;随着斜交角从0°增加到40°,近侧桥墩、桩基承受的扭矩持续增大,扭矩逐步成为控制桩基破坏的主要因素;堆载引起淤泥层的沉降会导致该部分土层产生较大的负摩阻力,进一步改变了桩身轴力的分布;土体的弹性模量、堆土高度对桥梁在堆载作用下的横向位移和内力有很大影响;杭州绕城高速垮塌的主要原因是在软弱层上堆土导致桩基发生压、弯、剪、扭破坏。     

悬浮隧道整体冲击响应模拟方法及试验验证

为研究水下悬浮隧道管体在冲击荷载下的整体动力响应,提出对应的简化模拟方法,在有限元软件ABAQUS中结合自定义幅值（UAMP）子程序进行了冲击荷载作用下考虑流体作用的悬浮隧道整体响应分析。基于Morison方程,将流体作用分为非线性阻力和附加质量力。首先,以分段线荷载的形式表示流体阻力沿管体纵向的不均匀分布。在UAMP子程序中采用FORTRAN语言编写与管体运动速度相关的流体阻力幅值计算程序。通过在ABAQUS与UAMP子程序之间管体运动速度和流体阻力幅值的交互传递,实现了荷载大小同时随时间和空间变化的非线性流体阻力加载。其次,考虑与管体加速度相关的流体附加质量力,其幅值在ABAQUS中通过定义浸没式截面自动计算。最后,进行悬浮隧道整体模型冲击试验,采用提出的模拟方法对试验典型工况进行分析,并将计算结果与试验实测值进行对比。结果表明：提出的建模方法能较好反映悬浮隧道结构动力特性;随着冲击强度的增大,冲击点处管体最大位移和加速度增大,且峰值均出现在第1个运动周期内;采用简化模拟方法分析所得的管体位移和加速度响应与试验结果基本一致;该模拟方法的计算精度与流体阻力分段线荷载的分段长度有关,当分段长度小于管体总长的1/20时,分析结果趋于稳定。因此,基于UAMP子程序的流体作用的简化数值模拟方法能较好地用于悬浮隧道整体冲击响应分析,误差在工程允许范围内。     

兰州某跨铁路桥钢桁梁顶推施工方案及 受力特性分析

顶推施工技术作为大跨度钢桁梁施工中非常重要的一项施工技术,其不仅能够有效的缩短工期,而且在不影响既有线路正常运营。依托兰州市北滨河西延段工程大跨度钢桁梁顶推施工项目,从施工方法、措施、技术、安全、质量保证上对顶推施工过程进行全面分析,制定具体施工方案,对顶推过程中钢桁梁的受力特性进行数值计算与分析,以确保施工过程安全可控。通过研究大跨度钢桁梁顶推施工技术与工艺流程要点,优化了施工过程中结构的受力状态,并节约工程造价,可为同类工程建设管理和施工组织提供参考。