基于一维/三维模型耦合的富氧燃烧天然气发动机数值模拟

以某1.0L3缸汽油机为基础,利用GT-Power与Converge建立了天然气发动机耦合仿真模型,并利用原机试验数据对模型进行了验证,研究了进气富氧与EGR对天然气发动机性能的影响特性,对利用进气富氧与EGR改善天然气发动机的性能进行了探讨。结果表明,随进气氧气体积分数提高,天然气发动机平均有效压力显著提高,最大可提高22.8%(氧体积分数为28%时);同时缸内温度和NOx排放升高,排气与传热的能量损失增加,燃气消耗率略有升高。加入EGR可以降低富氧燃烧下天然气发动机燃气消耗率,随着EGR率增加,燃气消耗率主要呈先减小后增加趋势;且随进气氧浓度提高,各浓度下最低燃气消耗率对应的EGR率逐渐提高;NOx排放随EGR率增加而逐渐降低,在进气氧体积分数为23%,25%,27%,29%时,EGR率分别为10%,15%,20%,25%即可将NOx排放降到原机水平;利用进气富氧与EGR可以有效地改善天然气发动机动力不足与NOx排放高的状况。     

Atkinson循环发动机紧凑型燃烧系统研究

基于Atkinson理论循环建立混合动力汽油机的性能仿真模型,确定出合适的压缩比与配气正时。分别采用增加活塞顶面凸起高度(上凸型燃烧室)和减小缸盖上燃烧室高度的方式来满足Atkinson循环汽油机对压缩比的要求。同时为适应紧凑结构减小气门升程、直径(紧凑型燃烧室)。通过三维CFD计算分析,比较了两种燃烧室缸内燃烧及流动特性,发现紧凑型燃烧室能够在火核形成及扩散时期在缸内产生更高的湍动能,有利于加快火焰传播,使燃烧持续期缩短9.8%~24.4%,可显著提高燃油经济性。在混合动力用Atkinson循环发动机开发中使用紧凑型燃烧室,具有重要的应用价值。     

大型绞吸式挖泥船疏浚设备轴系设计关键技术研究

绞吸式挖泥船疏浚设备轴系主要包括绞刀轴系和泥泵轴系,疏浚设备轴系设计是挖泥船设计的关键部分,设计质量好坏关系到疏浚工作的可靠性及使用寿命。国内外各大船级社尚未对疏浚设备轴系设计提出相关的规范性指导意见。进行轴系设计关键技术的研究并提出一般设计流程,以某大型绞吸式挖泥船疏浚设备轴系设计为例进行验证,结果表明,所提出的研究方法及流程可为疏浚设备轴系设计提供理论基础,具有重要的指导意义。     

霍加拉特催化剂催化燃烧VOCs研究综述

霍加拉特催化剂主要由铜锰混合氧化物组成,它不但对CO低温氧化有高活性,也能高效催化燃烧挥发性有机物(VOCs),所以一直是研究的热点。本文介绍了催化燃烧的优点,综述了霍加拉特催化剂催化燃烧卤代烃、芳香烃、脂肪烃、含氧有机物等挥发性有机物的研究进展,并分析了混合VOCs在催化燃烧过程中的相互作用,指出了以后的研究方向。     

Iterative Approximation with Errors for Generalized Set-Valued Strongly Accretive Mapping in Banach Spaces

Introduction Variational inequalities are the most interestingand important mathematical problems and have beenstudied intensively in the past years since they havewide applications in mechanics, physics, optimizationand control, nonlinear programming, ec…     

Variability of river plumes off Northwest Iberia in response to wind events

The Western Iberian Buoyant Plume (WIBP) is a low-salinity lens formed by river discharge and continental run-off extending along the shelf off Northwest Iberia. The variability of this structure is evaluated with a numerical model forced by real meteorological data and climatologic river discharge during late 2002, when conditions were those of a typical autumn. The direction and intensity of the wind-induced Ekman transport, but also the previous conditions and the duration of the event are found to determine plume behavior. We have identified three characteristic situations: a) confinement of the plume to the coast during downwelling — southerly-winds, b) expansion of the plume during the declining phase of the downwelling event by relaxation of the wind, and c) expansion of the plume by upwelling — northerly-winds. The short time scale of the response of the plume (1–3 h) adds timing between wind events and the phase of the tide as an additional source of variability. In all cases the Iberian Poleward Current (IPC), a saltier and warmer poleward current flowing over the slope, responds as well to wind changes. Furthermore, our simulations illustrate how topography and differences in the river discharge induce local differences in dynamics. Comparisons to available observations show a reasonable model skill. Differences between wind measurements and wind forcing applied to the model appear to be a major source of uncertainty in model results.     

燃烧法测定沥青含量的影响因素分析

本文对采用美国国家沥青技术中心（NCAT）燃烧炉法测定沥青混合料中沥青含量的几种影响因素进行试验分析,从而使室内试验结果更趋合理和准确。     

Modelling physical processes of haline stratification in ROFIs with application to the Rhine outflow region

A physical and numerical study is made of the processes governing the stratification and circulation in ROFIs (Regions of Freshwater Influence) where there is an important impact of wind and tides. Observations in the Rhine ROFI showed that the salinity field consists of a mean and a tidally oscillating part. The physical processes are first analysed using the analytical solutions from a one-dimensional two-layer model. A justification is given for the neglection of non-linear advective terms in the equations of momentum and salinity. The dimensionless forms of the solutions can be expressed in terms of a series of dimensionless numbers. It is shown in particular that stratification and cross-shore circulation largely depend on the balance between rotation and turbulent diffusion, which depends in turn on parameters such as the Ekman number, the bottom friction coefficient, the eddy viscosity ratio and the depth of the layer interface. Surface winds either enhance or destroy stratification depending on the wind angle. The response to wind forcing is discussed using classical Ekman theory. To verify the analytical theory numerical tests are performed with a point model including an advanced turbulence closure scheme. Differences arise due to the non-linear interaction between turbulence on the one hand and current shear and stratification on the other hand. It is shown in particular that the amplitude of the tidal forcing and the off-shore horizontal salinity gradient strongly affect the semi-diurnal and semi-monthly variation of stratification. The effect of the wind is found to be in good agreement with the analysis of the two-layer model. Finally, the numerical model is compared with existing observational data in the Rhine ROFI for October 1990.     

The PROFILE project: an overview

The EC MAST project PROFILE (Processes in Regions of Freshwater Influence, ROFIs) aims to develop process understanding and tested numerical models for ROFIs. This includes the role of physical processes controlling water-property distributions, suspended sediments controlling the availability of light, nutrients and phytoplankton growth. The project comprises: (1) construction of a 3D nearshore model, with high resolution (1 h and one km approx.) and a framework coupling modules for hydrodynamics (tides, effects of winds and waves, currents, temperature, salinity, turbulence and diffusivity), sediments, plankton, nutrients and oxygen, (2) investigation of methods to include ROFI model detail in coarser shelf-wide models, (3) specific tests of model components against measurements, (4) tests of model calculations against measurements in contrasted ROFIs, (5) systematic observations suitable for these model tests (time-series over a seasonal cycle for dynamics and intermittency, good vertical resolution and spatial surveys) of the contrasted Rhine, Clyde and Thermaikos Bay ROFIs, complementing earlier measurements in the ROFI areas of the Rhine, German Bight and Po, (6) interpretation and comparison of the contrasted ROFIs' behaviour, (7) a defined set of observations, model code and output suitable for subsequent integration and promulgation as test data and a nearshore model for wider use.     

DISI甲醇发动机分层稀薄燃烧试验研究

研究了直喷火花塞点燃式（DISI）甲醇发动机1600 r／min和1200 r／min转速下整个负荷工况内分层稀薄燃烧对性能、燃烧及排放的影响。结果表明：DISI甲醇发动机在整个负荷工况内的一系列特征与柴油机和汽油机有很大不同,缸内混合气分层质量及燃油缸内空间分布对不同转速下的燃烧特性有显著影响;1200 r／min时热效率大、运转稳定,燃烧前期缸压和放热率优于1600 r／min时;大负荷时DISI甲醇发动机分层稀薄燃烧的经济性和排放性都比较好,但小负荷时的经济性和排放性较差,有待改善。