港口设备——内燃机常见故障分析及对策

现阶段要提高港区内货物转移及装卸的效率,流动机械的使用及维修是非常重要的,对流动机械而言内燃机是其重要动力元件,因此对内燃机的原理、构造和常见故障的维修应了如指掌,特别是内燃机机油压力过低、机油压力过高、机油消耗过多和内燃机动力不足等常见故障,必须做到在最短的时间内及时修好,只有如此才能适应现代港口生产的需要。     

按非平稳随机过程模拟自然风速的一种数值方法

基于数据的第二种非平稳随机过程数学模型是第一种非平稳随机过程数学模型的继续。该方法根据有限的原始风速记录 ,通过快速富氏变换和希尔伯特变换 ,建立了非平稳随机过程数学模型 ,然后以数字模拟的方法产生所需的随机样本。根据第二种非平稳随机过程数学模型和观测的风速记录 ,进行了风速样本模拟     

舰用锅炉炉膛性能优化设计研究

将舰用锅炉炉膛的优化设计问题表述为炉内辐射传热量最大化,炉膛体积最小化的多目标非线性数学规划问题.寻优中考虑了系统性能及运行要求等多种约束条件.介绍了优化计算方法,给出了最大传热量、最小体积,以及传热量和体积权衡最优条件下的计算实例.结果表明,本文提出的优化设计模型正确、有效.     

过量空气系数对天然气发动机燃烧及排放的影响

研究了过量空气系数(λ)对天然气发动机燃烧及排放的影响。研究结果表明,当λ>1.2时,随着其不断加大,滞燃期和主燃期变长,放热率降低,NOx排放减少,CO和HC排放增多,发动机的热效率降低,比气耗加大;稀薄燃烧天然气发动机的各个工况都存在最佳的过量空气系数值,在该值下,发动机的NOx、CO和HC排放及比气耗都较低,排气温度很低,发动机经济性和可靠性最佳。     

强夯法加固新填土地基工法

首先对强夯法的作用机理、技术参数、机具设备及其工艺流程进行了详细的探讨,其次综合劳动力组织、技术标准、质量保证、安全施工及经济效益等进行了全面的分析。     

四冲程内燃机配气相位与快速调整气门间隙的研讨

指出目前四冲程内燃机气门间隙的调整方法有逐缸调整法和转动曲轴或凸轮轴2次调整法。详细说明了配气相位与气门可调位置的关系,提出了一种快速气门间隙调整法不论往复式四行程内燃机的曲轴处于任何位置,先调整处于可调位置的进气门和排气门;转动曲轴360°±27°,调整原先处于不可调位置的进气门和排气门。     

电控高压共轨柴油机燃用生物柴油-柴油混合燃料的燃烧特性

针对1台6缸增压中冷电控高压共轨柴油机,在不改变原柴油机结构和喷油参数的条件下,研究了生物柴油的掺混比例对发动机燃烧特性的影响。结果表明:小负荷时发动机有预喷射,随着生物柴油掺混比的增大,生物柴油-柴油混合燃料的滞燃期缩短、缸内最高燃烧压力下降,预喷阶段压力升高率峰值和瞬时燃烧放热率峰值减小,且对应的相位提前;主喷阶段压力升高率峰值和瞬时燃烧放热率峰值增大,且对应的相位后移。随着负荷的增大,发动机喷油策略改为单次喷射,随着生物柴油掺混比的增大,缸内最高燃烧压力下降,燃烧持续期缩短,压力升高率峰值略有增大,瞬时燃烧放热率峰值逐渐减小且对应的相位前移。两种不同负荷条件下,随着生物柴油掺混比的增大,混合燃料的指示热效率逐渐下降。     

EGR对高压共轨柴油机小负荷工况燃烧过程及排放性能的影响

以某轻型车用高压共轨柴油机为样机,研究了在小负荷工况条件下,EGR率对柴油机排放、燃烧过程及燃油消耗的影响。试验结果表明:EGR减小了缸内最高燃烧压力及压力峰值,使压力升高率略有增加,降低了瞬时放热率与峰值,延长了燃烧持续期,降低了缸内温度峰值及平均温度。在小负荷工况,EGR可以同时有效改善NOx,HC及CO排放,当EGR阀全开,EGR率为42%时,NOx排放降低了38.7%,HC降低了39.6%,CO排放降低了21.3%;PM排放先随着EGR率增加而减小,EGR率超过某一值后,PM排放增加,整个PM排放曲线呈现"鱼钩"状变化趋势。EGR对小负荷工况燃油耗性能影响不大。     

Low temperature premixed combustion within a small bore high speed direct injection (HSDI) optically accessible diesel engine using a retarded single injection

An optically accessible single-cylinder high speed direct-injection (HSDI) Diesel engine equipped with a Bosch common rail injection system was used to study low temperature Modulated Kinetics (MK) combustion with a retarded single main injection. High-speed liquid fuel Mie-scattering was employed to investigate the liquid distribution and evolution. By carefully setting up the optics, three-dimensional images of fuel spray were obtained from both the bottom of the piston and the side window. The NOx emissions were measured in the exhaust pipe. The influence of injection pressure and injection timing on liquid fuel evolution and combustion characteristics was studied under similar fuel quantities. Interesting spray development was seen from the side window images. Liquid impingement was found for all of the cases due to the small diameter of the piston bowl. The liquid fuel tip hits the bowl wall obliquely and spreads as a wall jet in the radial direction of the spray. Due to the bowl geometry, the fuel film moves back into the central part of the bowl, which enhances the air-fuel mixing process and prepares a more homogeneous air-fuel mixture. Stronger impingement was seen for high injection pressures. Injection timing had little effect on fuel impingement. No liquid fuel was seen before ignition, indicating premixed combustion for all the cases. High-speed combustion video was taken using the same frame rate. Ignition was seen to occur on or near the bowl wall in the vicinity of the spray tip, with the ignition delay being noticeably longer for lower injection pressure and later injection timing. The majority of the flame was confined to the bowl region throughout the combustion event. A more homogeneous and weaker flame was observed for higher injection pressures and later injection timing. The combustion structure also proves the mixing enhancement effect of the liquid fuel impingement. The results show that ultra-low sooting combustion is feasible in an HSDI diesel engine with a higher injection pressure, a higher EGR rate, or later injection timing, with little penalty on power output. It was also found that injection timing has more influence on HCCI-like combustion using a single main injection than the other two factors studied. Compared with the base cases, simultaneous reductions of soot and NOx were obtained by increasing EGR rate and retarding injection timing. By increasing injection pressure, NOx emissions were increased due to leaner and faster combustion with better air-fuel mixing. However, smoke emissions were significantly reduced with increased injection pressure.     

车用重型高压共轨柴油机EGR性能及优化

在1台CA6DL2—35E3重型高压共轨柴油机上建立原理性低压EGR系统,并进行了EGR性能试验。试验结果表明:在欧Ⅲ高压共轨柴油机平台下,小EGR率即可大幅度降低NOx排放;从性能及排放折中考虑,在中小负荷可适当增大废气回流量以实现低温燃烧;根据优化策略优化EGR率后,仅在13%EGR率范围内气体排放即可达到欧Ⅳ法规水平,而通过对大负荷最佳EGR率的修正,在满足排放要求的同时,可降低EGR散热损失;NOx比排放量随燃烧放热率峰值变化存在拐点(EGR率最优点),可作为改善尾气排放的有效判据。