汽车安全带舒适性研究

结合大量国外文献、各国法规以及作者的工作经验,总结了安全带舒适性的研究内容,并针对乘客安全带佩戴前、佩戴时和佩戴后的具体内容,分别研究和讨论了安全带的佩戴位置、卷收器噪音、安全带拉出和回收力等相关舒适性设计要求。     

华蓥山隧道硫化氢气体检测及综合整治研究

华蓥山特长隧道洞身穿越区域性含油地层,残余油气藏的原油在热作用下产生具有较强毒性和臭鸡蛋气味的硫化氢气体,透过衬砌裂缝或渗漏水进入隧道,影响隧道内的卫生标准和洞内行车的舒适性.通过隧道内渗漏水中硫化物和挥发性物质成分的测定,得出渗漏水是带出硫化氢气体的重要通道之一;检测隧道内硫化氢气体浓度的分布,确定硫化氢气体涌出的主要段落.基于隧道内硫化氢气体的涌出通道,制订采用地下水封闭引排、裂缝封堵和加强隧道内运营通风相结合的综合治理措施.参照国内外其它行业有关硫化氢气体浓度控制标准,制订了隧道内硫化氢气体的卫生标准和舒适性标准,在无现行规范可循的情况下,具有一定的参考意义.     

Dynamic model for ride comfort evaluations of the rubber-tired light rail vehicle

The dynamic model was developed to evaluate vibration accelerations and ride comforts during the running of the Korean-standardised rubber-tired light rail vehicle. Ride comfort indexes were analysed and tested in accordance with UIC 513R by using the dynamic model and the actual vehicle in the test track. Based on the comparisons between analysis results and test results, the validity of the developed dynamic model was evaluated. It was verified whether or not the developed Korean-standardised rubber-tired light rail vehicle met the specified target specification on ride comfort. In addition, the influence of the wearing of guide wheels on ride comfort was estimated.     

隧道数字化火灾预警系统的在线量化评估

为检查和评价隧道及地下空间火灾预警系统的实际功能,需要一套可行的在线评估手段。根据近年来国内外全尺寸隧道火灾发展曲线的试验结果,提出隧道火情的定义依据;引用运营隧道内准分布式光纤光栅感温火灾探测器的实测数据,证明运营中隧道报警系统的个性化现象;提出合格的数字化报警系统应存在一个在统计学意义上使漏报率和误报率同时达到期望值的合理阈值取值区间;建议以该区间的尺度作为该系统功能完好性的评估指标;对日常隧道运行温度数据的统计分析可估计合理阈值取值区间的下限,对规定条件下的现场点火试验温度数据分析可估计合理阈值取值区间的上限。在隧道运营期该区间尺度可实时在线自动更新。     

大跨径人行桥人致振动舒适性研究

国内对大跨径人行桥人致振动舒适性研究较少，以某大跨径人行斜拉桥为例，采用强迫振动法和全桥连续行人流荷载模型，结合德国人行桥设计指南EN03(2007)，阐述了大跨径人行桥人致振动舒适性的评价过程，并采取了在桥上安装调频质量阻尼器(TMD)系统的减振措施设计。结果表明，通过减振措施，该桥的人致振动舒适性评价从“差”提高到了“最佳”。     

乘用车车内噪声与主观评价相关性分析

文章选取了7辆车进行噪声舒适性主客观评价试验,客观评价指标为驾驶员耳边噪声值,主观评价指标为滚动噪声、边棱敏感性等5个,评车师根据试验情况对试验车各指标进行打分并给出总分值。比较了不同试验车速车辆前后排的噪声值,并对主、客观数值进行多元回归分析。     

列车纵向冲击的检测与分析

针对列车纵向冲击问题,提出了信号采集与处理方案,设计了一套随车采集和分析系统。文中介绍了系统组成、工作原理及运行过程,初步建立了纵向冲击与旅客乘坐舒适度之间的数学模型,并运用该模型进行了实际演算,取得了预期的效果。     

3-D numerical and experimental analysis for airflow within a passenger compartment

People use cars so frequently that they always consider the air-conditioning, and thermal comfort of the driver and passenger when buying a new car. Therefore accurate simulation of the thermal performance of automobile air conditioners to improve human comfort has become increasingly important. In order to improve the thermal comfort of passengers, 3-D flow motion and thermal behavior within vehicles must be analyzed. In this paper, a numerical simulation was used to investigate thermal behavior in a vehicle. Because air temperature at an air vent is related to the cooling capacity of the air conditioner, the cooling capacity was calculated using ɛ-NTU (effective number of transfer unit) theoretical equations. Using the air temperature relationship between inlet and outlet vents as boundary conditions, a 3-D unsteady κ-ɛ turbulent model was used to give a transient analysis simulation of the temperature field and flow conditions in a vehicle’s passenger cabin. Cooling cycle analysis and conjugate heat transfer analysis at the inside surface of the cabin’s ceiling, floor and sides were also considered. The predicted temperature distributions in the vehicles passenger cabin were in good agreement with those obtained experimentally.     

Field measurements of the evolution of wheel wear and vehicle dynamics for high-speed trains

This investigation demonstrates the wheel wear evolution and related vehicle dynamics of high-speed trains with an operating distance (OD) of around two million kilometres. A long-term experimental test lasting two years was conducted to record the wheel profiles and structural vibrations of various trainsets. The wheel wear, namely the profile shape, worn distribution and wheelset conicity, is investigated for several continuous reprofiling cycles. Typical results are illustrated for the stability analysis, and the ride quality is examined with increasing OD. In addition, the vibration transition characteristics between suspensions are investigated in both the time and frequency domains. The experiments show that the dominant wear concentrates on the nominal rolling radius, and the wear rate increases with OD because of the surface softening resulting from the loss of wheel material. The vibration of structural components is aggravated by the increase of the equivalent conicity of the wheelset, which rises approximately linearly with the wheel wear and OD. High-frequency vibrations arise in the bogie and car body related to the track arrangement and wheel out-of-roundness, causing the ride comfort to worsen significantly. Additionally, the system vibration characteristics are strongly dependent on the atmospheric temperature. Summaries and conclusions are obtained regarding the wheel wear and related vehicle dynamics of high-speed trains over long operating times and distances.     

大跨径人行桥人致振动舒适度分析

人行桥的主要荷载源于行人和非机动车,对于大跨径轻柔桥梁结构,在行人激励之下更容易发生大幅振动,引起舒适度问题。依托国内某大跨径人行提篮拱桥,参考国外人行桥设计指南,通过有限元时程分析方法,计算获得不同荷载激励下结构最大加速度响应时程曲线,进行行人振动舒适度评价。另外,针对不同模态设计相应的TMD减振系统,并进行减振效果分析。