军运保障中高原和山区对汽车性能的影响及对策

从高原和山区的海拔高度及地理环境等对汽车的动力和制动性的影响入手,分析了高原和山区汽车运输的特点,并根据部队的使用经验和试验结论,提出了改善发动机性能和改进汽车制动系的措施,为高原和山区的车辆装备综合管理及技术保障提供了科学的依据。     

Innovative strategies for urban car-sharing systems and a simulator to assess their performance

In this paper, three innovative car-sharing systems for urban areas are proposed, based on fleets of individual intelligent vehicles with three service characteristics: instant access, open-ended reservations and one-way trips. These features provide high flexibility but create an uneven distribution of vehicles among stations. Therefore, relocation of vehicles must be performed. Three different system procedures are proposed: in the first system, relocations are performed by users; in the other two, vehicles relocate automatically, thanks to their automation. In the first two systems, vehicles are accessible only at stations, whereas in the third they are also accessible along roads. In order to provide transport managers with a tool to test systems in different realities, an object-oriented simulator is developed. The simulation provides outputs of system performance, in terms of user waiting times and system efficiency. The proposed systems are simulated for the city of Genoa, in Italy, and a comparative analysis is presented.     

The effect of crowding on public transit user travel behavior in a large-scale public transportation system through modeling daily variations

In this paper, the crowding effect in a transit vehicle is modeled in a time-expanded network that considers the daily variation in passenger flows. The study models the daily variation of in-vehicle crowding in a real large-scale transit system. A transit assignment for this real network is modeled and implemented by constructing a crowding cost function that follows the valuation of crowding and by using the reliable shortest path finding method. The direct application of the crowding model to a real network for the Utah Transit Authority indicates that crowd modeling with multi-user classes could influence public transportation system planning and affect the revenues of transit agencies. Moreover, the addition of the disutility factor, crowding, does not always appear to cause an increase in disutility for transit users.     

Instantaneous communication throughputs of vehicular ad hoc networks

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) formed by connected vehicles in a traffic stream could be applied to improve safety, mobility, and environmental impacts of a transportation system. In this paper, we present analytical models for the instantaneous communication throughputs of VANETs to measure the efficiency of information propagation under various traffic conditions at a time instant. In particular, we define broadcast and unicast communication throughputs by the wireless channel bandwith multiplied by the average probabilities that one vehicle is a successful receiver and sender in a VAENT, respectively. With a protocol communication model, we derive formulas to determine the probabilities for an equipped vehicle to be a successful broadcast receiver and a successful unicast receiver/sender, and obtain broadcast and unicast throughputs along discrete and continuous traffic streams. We further examine the impacts on communication throughputs of the transmission range and the interference range of dedicated short range communication devices as well as the market penetration rate of equipped vehicles and the percentage of senders. Finally, we investigate the influence of shock waves on communication throughputs.     

液化天然气(LNG)汽车日常检查方法及维护技术综述

天然气是一种优质的替代燃料,具有污染小、安全系数高、运行费用低等优点。天然气已经成为城市公共交通领域应用最为成功和广泛的车辆替代燃料技术,为推动交通运输行业的节能减排做出了显著的贡献。液化天然气汽车,作为天然气汽车的一种类型,与传统汽柴油车相比,液化天然气汽车安装了包括液化天然气气瓶、气管路及各种控制阀门和仪表在内的专用装置,在对液化天然气汽车进行日常检查时需要针对液化天然气汽车的专用装置进行重点检查。本文则针对液化天然气汽车的特点,对液化天然气汽车的正确使用方法、日常检查方法及维护技术要求、以及相关注意事项三个方面进行了解读,为指导液化天然气汽车进行日常检查与定期维护提供了技术参考。     

基于交通信息的电动汽车制动策略及仿真

为了提高滑行能量回收经济性和踏板制动安全性、舒适性,基于交通信息,提出了电动汽车(EV)制动协调策略。分析了滑行制动的经济性,由交通信息和汽车行驶状态确定滑行制动强度;由道路信息和前方车辆信息建立汽车安全距离模型和碰撞预警策略,利用预警信息对滑行制动和踏板制动强度进行协调。对本策略进行仿真验证。结果表明:利用交通信息的滑行策略,在通行良好工况下综合能耗减少1.1%,拥堵工况下减轻驾驶员的制动疲劳;预警和协调策略避免了频繁预警,减小了紧急避撞触发几率。因此,利用交通信息能够辅助驾驶员进行更加合理的制动。     

山路行驶的柴油车污染物排放特性试验

在山路和平路上,进行了不同载荷下国V柴油车的实际道路行驶排放(RDE)试验.采集车速、海拔、氮氧化物(Nox)和颗粒物数量(PN)排放浓度等数据,分析了道路坡度、车辆载荷与输出功率对排放的影响.研究发现:测试柴油车辆,在平均坡度约6％山路行驶时Nox排放因子高于平路20％以上,PN低于平路20％以上.道路坡度自0增大到...     

电动汽车PCU系统功能安全开发及测试方法研究

PCU系统作为电动汽车整车上的关键电控系统,其功能安全技术水平直接影响整车安全。本文基于某款混动车型搭载的PCU系统的功能安全V模型开发过程,从整车层面给出了相关项定义、危害分析和风险评估、安全目标、功能安全要求、技术安全要求,并在V模型开发右侧以故障注入测试为例给出了功能安全验证和确认方法示例,为开展PCU系统功能安全正向开发提供借鉴和参考。     

新机遇下我国新能源汽车换电模式发展前景分析

换电模式是一种新能源汽车快速补电方式,具有补电速度快、自动化水平高、集成度高等优点,可大大降低消费者里程焦虑。还可实现“车电分离”销售,解决消费者购车成本高的难题。由于受到换电标准不统一、换电车型少等因素限制,新能源汽车换电模式发展较为缓慢。随着财政补贴退坡,换电模式重新引起政府部门和行业企业重视。文章重点研究了换电模式技术路线、应用现状和技术优势,分析了新的机遇下换电模式的发展空间和市场前景。     

汽车列车的转弯半径计算

由于运输效率提升的需要,一辆汽车会拖挂多台挂车,为了满足后期运营场景,在设计之初就应对这种汽车列车的最小转弯半径进行计算,评估运营场地或道路情况。文章主要通过汽车列车转动时没有相对转动角速度这一前提条件,对拖拽多台挂车的汽车列车的最小转弯半径进行分析计算,从而得出拖拽3台挂车的最小转弯半径公式,并由此推导出拖拽n台挂车的转弯半径的计算公式。运用该公式对某一机场牵引列车进行计算,该公式的计算结果与实际运营场景相符,证实该公式可用于工程开发和实车应用评估。