基于全寿命周期的大型建设项目集成风险管理研究

改造了大型建设项目全寿命周期的四阶段划分法,探讨了基于全寿命周期的集成风险管理子系统及系统模型的集成设计思路,提出了基于全寿命周期的大型建设项目集成风险管理模型(LC IRM),并对LC IRM模型的应用载体E-PM C作了探讨。     

铁道车辆结构强度可靠性和安全性技术展望

铁路运输正向高速、重载发展,结构强度可靠性与安全性技术是其中关键课题之一。在探讨现状基础上,预测了发展趋势。阐明了名义应力法较难合理应用于有限元分析结果和现场应变计检测结果;作者等人的试验工作揭示了材料循环应力 应变(CSS)响应存在分散性现象,这是现有理论与方法尚未涉及的领域。建议考虑随机CSS关系,建立局部应变强度可靠性理论体系、开展寿命周期理论研究,提升综合效能、创建车辆强度可靠性与安全性标准等3个值得研究的课题。     

柴油机不可逆循环性能分析及优化

建立了不可逆diesel循环的热力学模型，对diesel循环进行了有限时间热力学分析。推导出在内可逆、内外均不可逆时diesel循环在给定热力学模型下输出功率与热效率之间的关系式，并证明了内可逆diesel循环有一最大输出功率，而此时循环热效率即为著名的CA效率，并求出了最大输出功率表达式，证明了在具有最大输出功率时循环压缩比及预胀比有确定的关系。当具有内外双重不可逆时，相应公式只是对内可逆时的公式用不可逆系数I进行修正，即用ITL代替原公式中的TL即可。给出了计算实例，并通过实例计算分析了内不可逆系数、热源温度对最大输出功率、热效率的影响及循环压缩比、预胀比对热效率的影响。本文的研究对内燃机的设计和性能评估有理论意义。     

喀什地区盐渍土基本工程性质试验研究

我国盐渍土分布范围较广，各地区盐渍土的成因、组成及特征有明显的区域特点。通过室内物理力学性质试验，系统分析喀什地区天然盐渍土的盐渍化程度、液限、塑限、土样类别、最优含水量、最大干密度，可为盐渍土工程提供参考。     

大断面黄土隧道斜井三岔口施工技术

主要介绍庆兴隧道四号斜井在斜井进入与正洞的三岔口段快速的施工技术。     

Carbonate chemistry dynamics and carbon dioxide fluxes across the atmosphere–ice–water interfaces in the Arctic Ocean: Pacific sector of the Arctic

Climatic changes in the Northern Hemisphere have led to remarkable environmental changes in the Arctic Ocean, which is surrounded by permafrost. These changes include significant shrinking of sea-ice cover in summer, increased time between sea-ice break-up and freeze-up, and Arctic surface water freshening and warming associated with melting sea-ice, thawing permafrost, and increased runoff. These changes are commonly attributed to the greenhouse effect resulting from increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration and other non-CO₂ radiatively active gases (methane, nitrous oxide). The greenhouse effect should be most pronounced in the Arctic where the largest air CO₂ concentrations and winter–summer variations in the world for a clean background environment were detected. However, the air–land–shelf interaction in the Arctic has a substantial impact on the composition of the overlying atmosphere; as the permafrost thaws, a significant amount of old terrestrial carbon becomes available for biogeochemical cycling and oxidation to CO₂. The Arctic Ocean's role in determining regional CO₂ balance has been ignored, because of its small size (only  4% of the world ocean area) and because its continuous sea-ice cover is considered to impede gaseous exchange with the atmosphere so efficiently that no global climate models include CO₂ exchange over sea-ice. In this paper we show that: (1) the Arctic shelf seas (the Laptev and East-Siberian seas) may become a strong source of atmospheric CO₂ because of oxidation of bio-available eroded terrestrial carbon and river transport; (2) the Chukchi Sea shelf exhibits the strong uptake of atmospheric CO₂; (3) the sea-ice melt ponds and open brine channels form an important spring/summer air CO₂ sink that also must be included in any Arctic regional CO₂ budget. Both the direction and amount of CO₂ transfer between air and sea during open water season may be different from transfer during freezing and thawing, or during winter when CO₂ accumulates beneath Arctic sea-ice; (4) direct measurements beneath the sea ice gave two initial results. First, a drastic pCO₂ decrease from 410 μatm to 288 μatm, which was recorded in February–March beneath the fast ice near Barrow using the SAMI-CO₂ sensor, may reflect increased photosynthetic activity beneath sea-ice just after polar sunrise. Second, new measurements made in summer 2005 beneath the sea ice in the Central Basin show relatively high values of pCO₂ ranging between 425 μatm and 475 μatm, values, which are larger than the mean atmospheric value in the Arctic in summertime. The sources of those high values are supposed to be: high rates of bacterial respiration, import of the Upper Halocline Water (UHW) from the Chukchi Sea (CS) where values of pCO₂ range between 400 and 600 μatm, a contribution from the Lena river plume, or any combination of these sources.     

水深对抛石强夯影响的模型试验研究

通过模型试验,探讨水深对重锤夯击抛石后夯沉率及抛石应力的影响,以及有、无水情况下抛石夯击夯沉率和抛石应力随落距的变化关系。试验研究成果表明：水面与抛石面齐平的情况与有水的夯击效果相近,为缩比尺模型试验中消除边界效应及水深影响提供了理论依据。     

黄土地区路基排水设施常见病害及防治对策

针对黄土地区路基排水设施常见的病害类型,结合黄土的特性对病害类型产生的原因进行了分析,在此基础上提出了相应的防治对策及建议。分析结果表明:具有超前性的设计和主动性的综合排水系统,对于保证排水的系统性和完整性是非常必要的。     

陕北黄土地区高速公路边坡防护及绿化调查与分析

通过陕北地区一些黄土边坡防护、绿化现状的考察和总结,对该地区黄土边坡防护、绿化效果进行了分析,并据此提出对黄土地区边坡防护应以理论计算为基础,同时从边坡坡率选择、植物种类选择、保水措施综合考虑,从影响边坡防护、绿化效果的各种制约因素中寻求平衡。     

桥梁全寿命管理在上海地区的应用

随着国内外越来越多的特大型桥梁投人运行,如何确保桥梁运行安全受到越来越多人的关注。基于对项目全寿命周期管理的考虑,提出桥梁安全的全寿命管理理念以及基于这一理念在管理体系及设计、施工、运行各阶段责任主体的建议,以上海近年来运用全寿命周期管理理念和用于桥梁建设和养护（尤其是特大桥）的一些有效技术措施为例,以期证明,运用全寿命周期管理方法,可以提高设计、施工、运行和维护各阶段的工作质量,保证桥梁的耐久性和结构安全,促进桥梁建设、养护技术的发展。