Towards the Incorporation of Environmental Impacts into Pavement Management Systems

Environmental nuisances (such as greenhouse gases and noise) may be generated during the use phase of the pavement life cycle, with these known to significantly affect the environment. However, no attempt has yet been made to gather information concerning the processes involved in the generation of environmental impacts, and to evaluate them. To address this issue, this paper reviews the knowledge base and relevant methods relating to environmental impact assessment and pavement management. It then presents a conceptual model, integrating impact pathway approach and life cycle cost analysis principles and providing a comprehensive framework for quantification and incorporation of environmental impacts into pavement management. This study shows that pavement management influences environmental impacts occurring during the use phase of the pavement life cycle. It establishes causal links between pavement management and nuisance generation, between nuisances and their impact on receptors, and finally between these impacts and their costs. This study also suggests that incorporating environmental impacts into pavement management systems is feasible and describes how existing and future methodologies and tools may be integrated to support this incorporation. Finally, this study underlines that the inaccuracy of current knowledge and data limits the scope of this conceptual model to network-level decisions.     

Queue discharge patterns at signalized intersections with green signal countdown device and long cycle length

Two apparent features that prevail at signalized intersections in China are green signal countdown device and long cycle lengths. The objective of this study is to investigate the impacts of green signal countdown device and long cycle length on queue discharge patterns and to discuss its implications on capacity estimation in the context of China's traffic. At five typical large intersections in Shanghai and Tianjin, 11 through lanes were observed, and 9251 saturation headways were obtained as valid samples. Statistical analyses indicate that the discharge process of queuing vehicles can be divided into three distinct stages according to the discharge flow rate: a start‐up stage, a steady stage, and a rush stage. The average time for queuing vehicles to reach a stationary saturation flow rate, that is, the start‐up stage, was found to be approximately 20–30 seconds; the rush stage usually occurs during the phase transition period. The finding is contrary to the conventional assumption that the discharge rate reaches a maximum value after the fourth vehicle is discharged and then remains constant during the green time until the queue is completely dissolved. The capacity estimation errors that might arise from the conventional methods are discussed through a comparative study and a sensitivity analysis that are based on the identified queue discharge patterns. In addition, a piecewise linear regression method was proposed in order to reduce such errors. The proposed method can be used for capacity estimation at signalized intersections with the identified queue discharge patterns. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

黄土隧道台阶法施工地表裂缝规律模拟分析研究

针对郑-西客运专线铁路黄土隧道施工过程中广泛出现的地表裂缝现象,采用三维离散元计算程序3DEC进行了裂缝开展的数值模拟。考虑黄土原始垂直节理,台阶法施工,分三种隧道覆土埋深工况进行了讨论,分析得出了在各埋深工况条件下地表裂缝的开展规律。     

Possibilistic fuel cycle assessment of retrofit technologies for two stroke powered tricycles

Two stroke powered tricycles are a major source of air pollution in the Philippines. A fuelcycle assessment of the liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and direct injection retrofit technologies for these vehicles is conducted. The results when compared with carbureted two and four strokes units indicate that retrofitting the units to direct injection provides lower fossil energy depletion, global warming, human toxicity and photochemical ozone formation impact potentials compared to LPG fueled carbureted two stroke tricycles while the latter exhibits lower acidification and nutrification impact values. The direct injection retrofitted units show a lower aggregated impact score and dominance over four stroke units. The conversion to LPG revealed minimal environmental benefits compared to the gasoline run units.     

半柔性路面复合材料抗压回弹模量研究

通过对基体混合料设计空隙率25%的复合材料进行室内试验得到相应的抗压回弹模量,并与实体路面工程实测弯沉反算得到的抗压回弹模量进行比较,提出了确定复合材料抗压回弹模量的改进方法,由此计算出基体混合料空隙率分别为20%和30%对应的复合材料回弹模量,并确定了相应的取值范围,最后通过回归得到复合材料回弹模量与基体混合料空隙率之间的关系式,由此可确定任意空隙率的复合材料回弹模量,为半柔性复合路面设计提供了重要参数。     

Constructing Paradise: The Impacts of Big Tourism in the Mexican Coastal Zone

Although coastal tourism is often looked to as a way of generating foreign revenue, it can also engender a range of social and environmental impacts. From an historical perspective, this article examines the growth of Cancún in the Mexican state of Quintana Roo since the late 1960s. The article documents a range of socioeconomic and environmental impacts associated with the rise of coastal tourism, and suggests that centralized planning and the provision of physical and financial infrastructure does not prevent those impacts. The principal causes of these impacts are also described, including changes in land-usage, population, tourism markets, foreign market penetration and control, an emphasis on short-term economic gain, weak regulatory enforcement, and an overall lack of integration of coastal zone management.     

Optimisation of full-toroidal continuously variable transmission in conjunction with fixed ratio mechanism using particle swarm optimisation

The aim of this research is the optimisation of full-toroidal continuously variable transmission (CVT) in conjunction with the fixed ratio (FR) mechanism, while the optimisation objective is to minimise fuel consumption (FC) of the vehicle in the new European driving cycle. After the dynamic analysis of the power train, a computer model is developed to simulate contact between CVT elements and consequently calculate its efficiency. Then an algorithm is presented to calculate FC of the vehicle in the driving cycle. Then, an optimisation using particle swarm optimisation on the CVT geometry and FR mechanism (which is embedded between CVT and final drive) is carried out to minimise FC. It is found that by utilisation of the optimised CVT; FC will be about 11% and 8% lower, compared with the application of a five-speed manual transmission and conventional CVT, respectively. Finally, effects of the roller tilt angle and oil temperature on the FC are investigated.     

基于理解设计的后张法施工控制要点

详细分析后张法预应力构件设计思路,根据设计思路及施工中易出现的问题提出施工控制要点,并根据施工控制要点提出先进的施工工艺,保证施工效果达到设计目标,为后张法预应力构件使用的安全性以及延长构件使用寿命提供保障。     

基于VISSIM仿真的平面交叉口信号配时方案比选分析

信号交叉口是城市路网的节点和交通关键,它的配时方法对缓解交通拥挤起到决定作用。首先介绍国内外信号配时模型,在对哈尔滨实际交叉El交通调查的基础上,运用4种模型进行配时方案设计,应用VISSIM软件进行仿真分析,得出美国HCM配时方法是最优配时模型。     

碾压式贫混凝土基层温干缩性能研究

京珠南广韶扩建工程大面积使用了碾压式贫混凝土。通过大量室内试验,对碾压式贫混凝土干温缩性能进行了较系统研究,为路面结构设计提供了理论数据。本项目是广东省交通集团科技项目《碾压式贫混凝土基层关键技术研究》的子课题之一。