基于有限元分析及理论计算的驱动桥轴头改进设计

文章主要介绍了某驱动桥焊接轴头开裂的改进设计过程。开裂位置为桥壳中段与轴头焊接处。通过分析讨论确定为轴头与中段焊接处壁厚较小且截面变化较大引起应力集中,从而导致焊接处剪切应力过大引起的开裂现象。改进方法为加大焊接处壁厚及将过渡处改为平缓结构。最后,通过Hypermesh分析改进方案前后轴头焊接处应力,并根据第4强度理论对危险截面进行应力计算,对比现有定型产品,最终确定改进方案。     

长输油气管道金属损失漏磁内检测技术研究

以管道漏磁内检测器为载体,通过对管体进行在线的漏磁内检测,可以达到量化管道缺陷、避免事故发生的目的。文中介绍了管道金属损失漏磁内检测技术,分析了油气管道漏磁内检测技术原理及漏磁内检测系统组成,利用有限元分析方法研究了管道缺陷尺寸对于漏磁场信号的影响,验证了管道漏磁内检测技术的可靠性。     

粗纤维增强钢筋混凝土截面的时效分析

将粗合成纤维用于隧道管片衬砌可以提高其强度,但在持续弯曲荷载作用下构件会随时间发生蠕变和出现裂缝。随着对混凝土裂缝应对能力的提升,粗合成纤维作为一种可用的替代品,凭借优良的经济性和耐久性等优势,在隧道管片制作中将得到越来越广泛的应用。文章基于时效特性分析了在持续弯矩和轴向应力作用下,粗纤维增强钢筋混凝土横截面的蠕变和收缩效应,并通过算例进行了验证。研究结果表明:混凝土中的纤维对于提高构件横截面的抗弯强度作用有限,但是纤维减少了构件在服役期间的蠕变,并且当纤维与普通钢筋共同作用时,能显著减少最大裂缝的宽度值。     

Are young Americans carless across the United States? A spatial analysis

This study uses the National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) data to investigate the most recent correlates of vehicle ownership among young Americans. This study performs a spatial analysis to examine the potentially non-stationary relationships between sociodemographic factors and vehicle ownership. Consistent with previous studies, modeling results from this study showed that young Americans are more likely to be carless than older adults. The spatial analysis answers the research question – in which regions(s) young Americans are even less likely to have a car. The results highlighted the Northeast states for the young American’s extra-lower vehicle ownership if the influences of all other factors are held constant. The cost of living and availability of transportation alternatives are possible reasons. Further, this study built separate models for young adults (25–34 years old) and three older age groups. The vehicle ownership correlates within the young adults are found to be generally consistent with the correlates among all adults. Among young adults, vehicle ownership is still significantly related to their gender, educational attainment, employment status, household characteristics, and travel demand. However, young adults’ vehicle ownership seems to be less sensitive to household income than mid-age adults’ (35–44 years old), perhaps because young people may not perceive financial stress such as child support and mortgage. This study contributes by using a spatial analysis approach to reveal the non-stationary correlates of vehicle ownership. This approach is useful for future travel behavior research and transportation policy considering the spatial heterogeneity.     

Sources and exposure risk of trace elements for traffic policemen in roadside locations

Samples of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ at four types of roadside location (major road, secondary road, branch road, and expressway) in Tianjin were collected and analyzed in 2015. The average annual roadside PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ concentrations were higher than the national ambient air quality standard (NAAQS: GB3095-2012). The chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd) concentrations in both PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ over four seasons displayed significant differences (p < 0.05). An enrichment factor (EF) analysis revealed that Cd, copper (Cu), Zn, As, Ni, and Pb in PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ mainly originated from anthropogenic sources. A factor analysis (FA) and correlation analysis (CA) revealed that vehicle emissions (exhaust and non-exhaust), soil dust, coal combustion, and industrial emissions were the main sources of roadside PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ in Tianjin. Both the total hazard quotients (total HQ) and the total carcinogenic risk (total CR) for selected elements in PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were within acceptable limits. The HQ of Pb was higher than for other metals, and it should therefore be given special attention. The CR for traffic policemen was highest for Cr exposure (1.01 × 10⁻⁵ for PM_2.5 and 1.52 × 10⁻⁵ for PM₁₀), followed by As and Ni. A sensitivity analysis showed that the total contributions of the metal concentrations, exposure time (ET), and exposure frequency (EF) accounted for over 50% of the risk for Cr, As, and Ni, suggesting that these metals had the greatest impact on the uncertainty of health risk assessments.     

Spatiotemporal influence of land use and household properties on automobile travel demand

Understanding the patterns of automobile travel demand can help formulate policies to alleviate congestion and pollution. This study focuses on the influence of land use and household properties on automobile travel demand. Car license plate recognition (CLPR) data, point-of-interest (POI) data, and housing information data were utilized to obtain automobile travel demand along with the land use and household properties. A geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) model was adopted to deal with both the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of travel demand. The spatial-temporal patterns of GTWR coefficients were analyzed. Also, comparative analyses were carried out between automobile and total person travel demand, and among travel demand of taxis, heavily-used private cars, and total automobiles. The results show that: (I) The GTWR model has significantly higher accuracy compared with the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) model and the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model, which means the GTWR model can measure both the spatial and temporal heterogeneity with high precision; (II) The influence of built environment and household properties on automobile travel demand varies with space and time. In particular, the temporal distribution of regression coefficients shows significant peak phenomenon; and (III) Comparative analyses indicate that residents’ preference for automobiles over other travel modes varies with their travel purpose and destination. The above findings indicate that the proposed method can not only model spatial-temporal heterogeneous travel demand, but also provide a way to analyze the patterns of automobile travel demand.     

回波检测法振激测点距离的回波信号影响分析探究

本研究以有缺陷预埋的隧道曲面砌衬管片作为目标结构试件,以室内实验分析的方式,对隧道砌衬激振回波检测中的振激部位和测点距离,给激振回波信号带来的影响课题开展专题分析探究,以为同类激振回波检测法工程应用提供研究和技术参考,助力实现有效适用的隧道砌衬激振回波检测。     

绿色公路技术LCA评价体系及效益分析

针对各类绿色公路技术难以横向比较的问题,文章从技术可行性、经济效益、节能减排效益等方面,提出建立绿色公路技术LCA评价体系,并以G312苏州西段工程为例进行综合效益分析,其综合效益最为显著,具备规模化、资源化、投资适宜的绿色公路技术;技术瓶颈问题的突破和创新,是推进绿色公路发展的根本动力;将绿色理念融入公路建设的全生命周期的前提,是因地制宜的前期规划布局研究,也是合理选择适宜绿色公路技术的基础。     

大跨度斜拉桥施工控制的多元统计敏感性分析

为掌握大跨度斜拉桥结构参数变异对结构状态的影响规律,确保斜拉桥的施工安全和工程质量,针对该类型桥梁施工控制参数敏感性分析的实际需求,考虑不同结构参数和不同结构部位相同结构参数的变异性,实现了大跨度斜拉桥施工过程控制中的多元统计敏感性分析.从统计学角度明确了参数敏感性分析为边缘分布问题后,将试验设计方法引入统计多参数敏感...     

大挑臂桩柱式桥墩抗震性能分析

以南宁市某大桥引桥为工程实例,分析采用桩柱形式的双柱墩结构的抗震性能.结果表明,上部结构采用小箱梁结构,并通过合理的跨径布置和支座选型,能够保证下部结构在按静力受力要求配筋的情况下,在E1和E2地震作用下均处于弹性工作状态.