软化指数对混凝土断裂过程区尺度的影响

应用Muskhelishvil 应力函数全场解,根据幂指数函数描述的混凝土拉应变软化模型导出断裂过程区（ FPZ）过程值及临界值的解析表达式,分析了在最大拉应变强度理论下软化指数对FPZ过程值及临界值的影响。结果表明：混凝土FPZ过程值及临界值都随着软化指数的增加而增加,不同泊松比下变化规律相近。     

公路隧道开挖与支护数值模拟分析

文章以某公路隧道为工程背景,采用Midas/GTS有限元程序对其施工过程进行二维弹塑性数值模拟,分析得出施工阶段隧道围岩位移、应力的变化规律和开挖引起的塑性区,以及初期锚喷支护结构所产生的内力,为公路隧道设计和施工提供理论依据和指导。     

美式长头校车的安全性分析

指出美式长头校车的视觉盲区,总结美国校车制度对于我国的经验和教训;探讨改进传统长头式校车危险区域的相关安全装置;提出完善我国校车相关法规条款、要求配置停车引导臂以及实施相应的管理措施来确保学生运输安全的建议。     

旅游型小城镇交通性景观大道横断面设计的新思路——以阳朔县新城区山水大道为例

随着国内旅游型城市的不断涌现和发展,其市政道路已经不仅仅是交通和管线的载体,更是展现城市形象、提供市民活动空间的绝佳平台。该文以阳朔县新城区山水大道的横断面设计为研究对象,结合阳朔县独特的交通需求和景观性需求,提出了适合当地建设尺度、体现当地特点的道路横断面。其设计方案可为国内小城镇交通性的景观大道横断面设计提供新的思路。     

山区高速公路桥梁结构型式隧道浅埋偏压断层破碎带塌方处理施工技术选择研究

广乐高速公路梅花隧道穿越山谷浅埋偏压段最小埋深仅12.2m,地质条件差.介绍对施工隧道发生塌方冒顶后的施工处理措施、施工注意事项及处理后取得的效果.     

基于V/C比的公路养护施工区交通延误研究

为改善公路养护施工区的交通运行状况,提高养护施工效率,在总结已有研究的基础上,对公路养护施工区交通延误的影响因素进行了深入分析,通过数学解析方法建立了公路养护施工区交通延误模型,包括减速延误、排队延误、限速延误以及加速延误4个部分.接着利用Vissim软件对公路养护施工区进行了交通仿真研究,以特定施工区为例,在不同的V/C比条件下进行了仿真运行和评价.将交通仿真得到的不同V/C比条件下延误值与采用数学解析模型计算得到的结果进行对比,基于交通仿真中得到的施工区交通延误值大于解析模型中计算得到的延误值这一结果,提出了系统延误的概念,并通过拟合得到了该路网中系统延误的计算值.     

Public Stakeholders' Perception of ICZM and Coastal Erosion in the Mediterranean

The Mediterranean area plays a pivotal role within the definition and implementation of regional strategies for integrated coastal zone management (ICZM). Under the umbrella of the Regional Framework Operation BeachMed-e, a research project was carried out in five Mediterranean EU regions (East Macedonia and Thrace in Greece, Lazio, Liguria, and Emilia Romagna in Italy and Languedoc-Roussillon in France), in order to study the different approaches to ICZM that have been applied and also to test new approaches to these regions. The aim of this article is to present and discuss the results of the common surveys conducted in order to investigate the institutional stakeholders’ perception on ICZM in the five Mediterranean regions considered. The results are presented region by region, while comparisons are carried out among regions. Summarizing the results it can be stated that some differences and common problems affecting the coastal decision-makers of the five Mediterranean regions considered were identified. Particularly, stakeholders involved in coastal management generally perceived a lack of collaboration and a poor information exchange in all the regions, resulting sometimes in a lack of awareness on coastal erosion issues.     

Brittle failure caused by lamellar splitting in a large-scale tubular joint with fatigue cracks

This paper reports a new incidence of brittle failure by lamellar splitting in a large-scale tubular X-joint and examines the possible causes of this failure. The X-joint, with multiple pre-existing fatigue cracks at the weld toe along the brace-to-chord intersection, experiences brittle failure during a monotonic in-plane bending test. Post-test sectioning of the material around the brace-to-chord intersection reveals lamellar splitting in the mid-thickness of the chord wall instead of rapid extensions of the fatigue cracks in the through-thickness direction. The lamellar splitting observed in this test differs from the conventional lamellar tearing both in its appearance and in its causes. The elongated nonmetallic inclusions concentrated at the mid-thickness, as revealed by the microscopic scanning, leads to delamination cracking near the mid-thickness and subsequently to the brittle failure of the joint. The material requirements in prevailing engineering codes do not suffice to prohibit the lamellar splitting failure observed in this study, which may cause catastrophic failures in engineering structures designed with insufficient redundancy.     

集对-层次耦合法在崩塌区危险性评价中的应用

有效预测崩塌灾害致灾区域及其危险性,为合理规划土地资源、实施崩塌防灾减灾提供重要指导借鉴。遴选斜坡坡形、坡度、坡高、下垫面岩土性质、落石质量、落石形状和落石的岩性条件等7个因子作为崩塌区域致灾危险性评价指标;通过指标量化,采用广义集对分析法和层次分析法相结合,确定了崩塌区域致灾危险性评价指标权重;采用同、异、反联系测度提出了落石停积在各承灾区的可能性评价模型,并根据落石停积位置的预期概率将崩塌致灾危险性分为极高危险、高危险、中危险、低危险和极低危险等5个危险性等级。最后通过现场落石试验,验证了危岩崩塌区域危险性广义集对-层次耦合评价方法的合理性     

Analysis of Work Zone Traffic Behavior for Planning Applications

Abstract

Understanding work zone traffic behavior is important for the planning and operation of work zones. The objective of this paper is to develop a mathematical model of work zone traffic flow elements by analyzing the relationships between speed, flow, and density that can be used to estimate the capacity of work zones. Traffic flow data were collected from 22 work zone sites on South Carolina interstate highways. The scatter plots of the collected data demonstrate that the relationship between speed and density does not follow Greenshields’ linear model. A non-linear hyperbolic model was developed to describe the relationship between speed and density. Using this model the capacity of a work zone was estimated to be 1550 passenger cars per hour for 2-lane to 1-lane closures. Adjustments to this capacity value to consider other types of vehicle as well as the work zone intensity are provided. Highway agencies can use this estimated capacity along with anticipated traffic demand to schedule work zone operations to avoid long periods of over-saturation.

The tapered approach to work zone lane closures used by South Carolina is similar to methods used in work zones throughout the world. The authors believe that the methodology described in this paper for modeling work zone traffic as well as estimating work zone capacity is transferable to other countries. The conversion of actual volumes to passenger car equivalents may have to be modified due to the significant differences in traffic makeup between the United States and other countries.