施工区通行能力仿真研究

施工区是养护、维修道路的活动区域。通过采用计算机仿真的方法,建立施工区交通系统仿真模型,模拟施工区交通流运行状况,对施工区通行能力进行研究,可为施工区的规划和管理提供理论依据。     

基于交通分区体系的城市交通发展引导策略

随着城市化与机动化的快速推进,城市交通问题日趋严重,在城市规划工作中必须制订城市交通发展引导策略,针对不同分区开展引导策略可以提高策略的针对性和可操作性。借鉴国外交通分区的先进经验,将南京市划分为宏观战略分区、交通走廊分区、综合交通枢纽分区以及城市主要功能区4个层次,因地制宜提出分区发展引导策略,使得交通策略的制订更有针对性和科学性。     

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为提高高速公路作业区交通安全水平,集成DEMATEL-ISM方法对其影响因素进行辨识和分析. 基于人-车-路及环境系统的观点,构建了高速公路作业区交通安全影响因素体系;采用Delphi法分析各因素之间的相互影响关系. 以集成DEMATEL-ISM方法构建了高速公路作业区交通安全影响因素辨识模型;根据多级递阶结构模型的分析结果,确定了影响高速公路作业区交通安全的最直接因素为驾驶员动态判断能力、超速行驶、速度限制、作业区交通量和安全设施布置. 研究结果表明,该方法切实可行,能够对高速公路作业区交通安全影响因素进行定量分析.     

基于DEMATEL-ISM的高速公路作业区交通安全影响因素辨识

为提高高速公路作业区交通安全水平,集成DEMATEL-ISM方法对其影响因素进行辨识和分析. 基于人-车-路及环境系统的观点,构建了高速公路作业区交通安全影响因素体系;采用Delphi法分析各因素之间的相互影响关系. 以集成DEMATEL-ISM方法构建了高速公路作业区交通安全影响因素辨识模型;根据多级递阶结构模型的分析结果,确定了影响高速公路作业区交通安全的最直接因素为驾驶员动态判断能力、超速行驶、速度限制、作业区交通量和安全设施布置. 研究结果表明,该方法切实可行,能够对高速公路作业区交通安全影响因素进行定量分析.     

Identification and culture of neural stem cells isolated from adult rat subventricular zone following fluid percussion brain injury

Objective To analyze proliferation and differentiation of glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP)- and nestin-positive (GFAP+/nestin+) cells isolated from the subventricular zone following fluid percussion brain injury to determine whether GFAP+/nestin+ cells exhibit characteristics of neural stem cells. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 12 weeks and weighing 200-250 g, were randomly and evenly assigned to normal control group and model group. In the model group, a rat model of fluid percussion brain injury was established. Five days later, subventricular zone tissue was resected from each group and made into single cell suspension. After serum-free neural stem cell medium culture and subsequent serum-induced differentiation, cell type, proliferation and differentiation capacities were determined by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry. Results At 3-7 days after fluid percussion brain injury, nestin+/GFAP+ cells in the single cell suspension from the model group significantly outnumbered those from the normal control group (P<0.01). In the model group, an increased number of small neurospheres with smooth cell edge and bulged center formed after primary culture, and were clearly visible with the increase of culture time and medium replacement. After several passages, many clonal spheres were obtained, suggesting strong self-proliferatiing capacity. Neurospheres from the model group differentiated into astrocytes, neurons and oligodendrocytes. Conclusion GFAP+/nestin+ cells isolated from the adult rat subventricular zone after fluid percussion brain injury are thought to be neural stem cells because of their self-renewal and multi-differentiation capacities.     

天津南仓斜拉桥索塔锚固区U形环向预应力施工控制研究

针对斜拉桥索塔锚固区大吨位、小半径U形环向预应力施工普遍存在的伸长量超标并时常伴有断丝、按照现行规范标准无法达到伸长量和张拉力双控的现象,以天津南仓斜拉桥索塔锚固区U形环向预应力施工为研究对象,采用因果分析和工艺性试验相结合的方法,找出了造成该质量问题的短束效应、环向效应、几何变形、计算差异等主要原因,采用单束张拉预紧、整体分级张拉的U形环向预应力穿束、张拉工艺,以应力控制为主、伸长量为辅的控制原则,取得符合工程实际的伸长量校核方法为:δ校=δ弹+δ几+δ附。     

斜拉桥索塔锚固区前壁竖向拉-压杆模型

对斜拉桥箱形截面索塔塔壁预应力锚固体系,采用拉-压杆模型方法对拉索直接锚固的塔柱前壁进行研究.以力法为手段,依据拉-压杆模型的优化原理,确立了体内单锚的拉-压杆模型.以单锚拉-压杆模型为基础,初步构建前壁的拉-压杆模型.取z为拉杆(T3)与结点(1)间的竖向距离,采用力法建立以z为函数的拉杆内力的表达式,利用拓扑优化成...     

大跨度隧道动态施工力学响应的数值分析

文章以重庆建新坡隧道为例,对大跨度隧道施工过程中的围岩应力和塑性区变化进行了FLAC3D三维数值模拟分析,揭示了围岩应力和塑性区的分布规律,为大跨度隧道工程设计和施工提供参考依据。     

Modeling speed-flow relationship and merging behavior in work zone merging areas

This paper aims to investigate the speed-flow relationship and drivers’ merging behavior in work zone merging areas. It first proposes lane-based speed-flow models, incorporating traffic conflicts among the lanes. It proceeds to develop a desired merging location model determining where drivers start to consider merging and a binary logit model that is applied to estimate the probabilities that drivers will merge into current adjacent gaps. A merging distance model is also proposed to find the 85th percentile of the merging distance. Finally, real work zone traffic data in Singapore are used to calibrate and evaluate the developed models. The findings show that the speed-flow relationship in the through lane is affected by the merge lane traffic under uncongested circumstances. Satisfactory results indicate that the merging behavioral models can competently predict drivers’ merging behavior and that the merging distance model could provide accurate information for traffic engineers to calculate the merge lane length.     

三峡库区滑坡消涨带变形破坏模型试验（双语出版）

为明确水库滑坡消涨带变形破坏机理,以物理模型试验为手段,基于三峡库区堆积层滑坡工程地质特征,建立3种不同岩层倾角的滑坡消涨带试验模型。通过水库滑坡模型试验材料研制和库水位波动科学控制,实现水库滑坡消涨带失稳过程试验模拟,并从试验角度探讨水库滑坡消涨带变形特征和力学机制。结果表明：初次蓄水过程中,坡表裂缝交角与基岩倾角呈负相关,交角决定了裂缝扩展方向,影响变形发展;滑床倾角越大,交角越小,裂缝越长,变形越大,塌岸越易发生;坡内孔隙水压力滞后性明显,随周期增大逐渐减小趋于稳定,水位波动速率会缩短坡体地下水响应时间;波动速率越大,坡内孔隙水压力变化速率越大,对水下坡体影响最大,坡体内速率差越大,渗透力越大,进而影响滑坡的稳定性;土体结构劣化及水的浮托力是引起滑坡模型前缘破坏的关键因素,而动水压力作用及有效应力减小导致滑坡由局部向整体破坏,呈现典型的多重滑面渐进式牵引破坏模式。该研究结果有助于深入认识滑坡消涨带变形破坏机理,可为库水位波动触发牵引式滑坡的演化模式和力学机理提供依据。